python.el

;;; python.el --- Python's flying circus support for Emacs -*- lexical-binding: t -*-

;; Copyright (C) 2003-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

;; Author: Fabián E. Gallina <fabian@anue.biz>
;; URL: https://github.com/fgallina/python.el
;; Version: 0.24.4
;; Maintainer: emacs-devel@gnu.org
;; Created: Jul 2010
;; Keywords: languages

;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.

;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
;; by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License,
;; or (at your option) any later version.

;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
;; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
;; General Public License for more details.

;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

;;; Commentary:

;; Major mode for editing Python files with some fontification and
;; indentation bits extracted from original Dave Love's python.el
;; found in GNU/Emacs.

;; Implements Syntax highlighting, Indentation, Movement, Shell
;; interaction, Shell completion, Shell virtualenv support, Shell
;; package support, Shell syntax highlighting, Pdb tracking, Symbol
;; completion, Skeletons, FFAP, Code Check, Eldoc, Imenu.

;; Syntax highlighting: Fontification of code is provided and supports
;; python's triple quoted strings properly.

;; Indentation: Automatic indentation with indentation cycling is
;; provided, it allows you to navigate different available levels of
;; indentation by hitting <tab> several times.  Also electric-indent-mode
;; is supported such that when inserting a colon the current line is
;; dedented automatically if needed.

;; Movement: `beginning-of-defun' and `end-of-defun' functions are
;; properly implemented.  There are also specialized
;; `forward-sentence' and `backward-sentence' replacements called
;; `python-nav-forward-block', `python-nav-backward-block'
;; respectively which navigate between beginning of blocks of code.
;; Extra functions `python-nav-forward-statement',
;; `python-nav-backward-statement',
;; `python-nav-beginning-of-statement', `python-nav-end-of-statement',
;; `python-nav-beginning-of-block', `python-nav-end-of-block' and
;; `python-nav-if-name-main' are included but no bound to any key.  At
;; last but not least the specialized `python-nav-forward-sexp' allows
;; easy navigation between code blocks.  If you prefer `cc-mode'-like
;; `forward-sexp' movement, setting `forward-sexp-function' to nil is
;; enough, You can do that using the `python-mode-hook':

;; (add-hook 'python-mode-hook
;;           (lambda () (setq forward-sexp-function nil)))

;; Shell interaction: is provided and allows opening Python shells
;; inside Emacs and executing any block of code of your current buffer
;; in that inferior Python process.

;; Besides that only the standard CPython (2.x and 3.x) shell and
;; IPython are officially supported out of the box, the interaction
;; should support any other readline based Python shells as well
;; (e.g. Jython and Pypy have been reported to work).  You can change
;; your default interpreter and commandline arguments by setting the
;; `python-shell-interpreter' and `python-shell-interpreter-args'
;; variables.  This example enables IPython globally:

;; (setq python-shell-interpreter "ipython"
;;       python-shell-interpreter-args "-i")

;; Using the "console" subcommand to start IPython in server-client
;; mode is known to fail intermittently due a bug on IPython itself
;; (see URL `http://debbugs.gnu.org/cgi/bugreport.cgi?bug=18052#27').
;; There seems to be a race condition in the IPython server (A.K.A
;; kernel) when code is sent while it is still initializing, sometimes
;; causing the shell to get stalled.  With that said, if an IPython
;; kernel is already running, "console --existing" seems to work fine.

;; Running IPython on Windows needs more tweaking.  The way you should
;; set `python-shell-interpreter' and `python-shell-interpreter-args'
;; is as follows (of course you need to modify the paths according to
;; your system):

;; (setq python-shell-interpreter "C:\\Python27\\python.exe"
;;       python-shell-interpreter-args
;;       "-i C:\\Python27\\Scripts\\ipython-script.py")

;; Missing or delayed output used to happen due to differences between
;; Operating Systems' pipe buffering (e.g. CPython 3.3.4 in Windows 7.
;; See URL `http://debbugs.gnu.org/cgi/bugreport.cgi?bug=17304').  To
;; avoid this, the `python-shell-unbuffered' defaults to non-nil and
;; controls whether `python-shell-calculate-process-environment'
;; should set the "PYTHONUNBUFFERED" environment variable on startup:
;; See URL `https://docs.python.org/3/using/cmdline.html#cmdoption-u'.

;; The interaction relies upon having prompts for input (e.g. ">>> "
;; and "... " in standard Python shell) and output (e.g. "Out[1]: " in
;; IPython) detected properly.  Failing that Emacs may hang but, in
;; the case that happens, you can recover with \\[keyboard-quit].  To
;; avoid this issue, a two-step prompt autodetection mechanism is
;; provided: the first step is manual and consists of a collection of
;; regular expressions matching common prompts for Python shells
;; stored in `python-shell-prompt-input-regexps' and
;; `python-shell-prompt-output-regexps', and dir-local friendly vars
;; `python-shell-prompt-regexp', `python-shell-prompt-block-regexp',
;; `python-shell-prompt-output-regexp' which are appended to the
;; former automatically when a shell spawns; the second step is
;; automatic and depends on the `python-shell-prompt-detect' helper
;; function.  See its docstring for details on global variables that
;; modify its behavior.

;; Shell completion: hitting tab will try to complete the current
;; word.  Shell completion is implemented in such way that if you
;; change the `python-shell-interpreter' it should be possible to
;; integrate custom logic to calculate completions.  To achieve this
;; you just need to set `python-shell-completion-setup-code' and
;; `python-shell-completion-string-code'.  The default provided code,
;; enables autocompletion for both CPython and IPython (and ideally
;; any readline based Python shell).  This code depends on the
;; readline module, so if you are using some Operating System that
;; bundles Python without it (like Windows), installing pyreadline
;; from URL `http://ipython.scipy.org/moin/PyReadline/Intro' should
;; suffice.  To troubleshoot why you are not getting any completions
;; you can try the following in your Python shell:

;; >>> import readline, rlcompleter

;; If you see an error, then you need to either install pyreadline or
;; setup custom code that avoids that dependency.

;; Shell virtualenv support: The shell also contains support for
;; virtualenvs and other special environment modifications thanks to
;; `python-shell-process-environment' and `python-shell-exec-path'.
;; These two variables allows you to modify execution paths and
;; environment variables to make easy for you to setup virtualenv rules
;; or behavior modifications when running shells.  Here is an example
;; of how to make shell processes to be run using the /path/to/env/
;; virtualenv:

;; (setq python-shell-process-environment
;;       (list
;;        (format "PATH=%s" (mapconcat
;;                           'identity
;;                           (reverse
;;                            (cons (getenv "PATH")
;;                                  '("/path/to/env/bin/")))
;;                           ":"))
;;        "VIRTUAL_ENV=/path/to/env/"))
;; (python-shell-exec-path . ("/path/to/env/bin/"))

;; Since the above is cumbersome and can be programmatically
;; calculated, the variable `python-shell-virtualenv-root' is
;; provided.  When this variable is set with the path of the
;; virtualenv to use, `process-environment' and `exec-path' get proper
;; values in order to run shells inside the specified virtualenv.  So
;; the following will achieve the same as the previous example:

;; (setq python-shell-virtualenv-root "/path/to/env/")

;; Also the `python-shell-extra-pythonpaths' variable have been
;; introduced as simple way of adding paths to the PYTHONPATH without
;; affecting existing values.

;; Shell package support: you can enable a package in the current
;; shell so that relative imports work properly using the
;; `python-shell-package-enable' command.

;; Shell syntax highlighting: when enabled current input in shell is
;; highlighted.  The variable `python-shell-font-lock-enable' controls
;; activation of this feature globally when shells are started.
;; Activation/deactivation can be also controlled on the fly via the
;; `python-shell-font-lock-toggle' command.

;; Pdb tracking: when you execute a block of code that contains some
;; call to pdb (or ipdb) it will prompt the block of code and will
;; follow the execution of pdb marking the current line with an arrow.

;; Symbol completion: you can complete the symbol at point.  It uses
;; the shell completion in background so you should run
;; `python-shell-send-buffer' from time to time to get better results.

;; Skeletons: skeletons are provided for simple inserting of things like class,
;; def, for, import, if, try, and while.  These skeletons are
;; integrated with abbrev.  If you have `abbrev-mode' activated and
;; `python-skeleton-autoinsert' is set to t, then whenever you type
;; the name of any of those defined and hit SPC, they will be
;; automatically expanded.  As an alternative you can use the defined
;; skeleton commands: `python-skeleton-<foo>'.

;; FFAP: You can find the filename for a given module when using ffap
;; out of the box.  This feature needs an inferior python shell
;; running.

;; Code check: Check the current file for errors with `python-check'
;; using the program defined in `python-check-command'.

;; Eldoc: returns documentation for object at point by using the
;; inferior python subprocess to inspect its documentation.  As you
;; might guessed you should run `python-shell-send-buffer' from time
;; to time to get better results too.

;; Imenu: There are two index building functions to be used as
;; `imenu-create-index-function': `python-imenu-create-index' (the
;; default one, builds the alist in form of a tree) and
;; `python-imenu-create-flat-index'.  See also
;; `python-imenu-format-item-label-function',
;; `python-imenu-format-parent-item-label-function',
;; `python-imenu-format-parent-item-jump-label-function' variables for
;; changing the way labels are formatted in the tree version.

;; If you used python-mode.el you may miss auto-indentation when
;; inserting newlines.  To achieve the same behavior you have two
;; options:

;; 1) Enable the minor-mode `electric-indent-mode' (enabled by
;;    default) and use RET.  If this mode is disabled use
;;    `newline-and-indent', bound to C-j.

;; 2) Add the following hook in your .emacs:

;; (add-hook 'python-mode-hook
;;   #'(lambda ()
;;       (define-key python-mode-map "\C-m" 'newline-and-indent)))

;; I'd recommend the first one since you'll get the same behavior for
;; all modes out-of-the-box.

;;; Installation:

;; Add this to your .emacs:

;; (add-to-list 'load-path "/folder/containing/file")
;; (require 'python)

;;; TODO:

;;; Code:

(require 'ansi-color)
(require 'cl-lib)
(require 'comint)
(require 'json)

;; Avoid compiler warnings
(defvar view-return-to-alist)
(defvar compilation-error-regexp-alist)
(defvar outline-heading-end-regexp)

(autoload 'comint-mode "comint")

;;;###autoload
(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist (cons (purecopy "\\.py\\'")  'python-mode))
;;;###autoload
(add-to-list 'interpreter-mode-alist (cons (purecopy "python[0-9.]*") 'python-mode))

(defgroup python nil
  "Python Language's flying circus support for Emacs."
  :group 'languages
  :version "24.3"
  :link '(emacs-commentary-link "python"))


;;; Bindings

(defvar python-mode-map
  (let ((map (make-sparse-keymap)))
    ;; Movement
    (define-key map [remap backward-sentence] 'python-nav-backward-block)
    (define-key map [remap forward-sentence] 'python-nav-forward-block)
    (define-key map [remap backward-up-list] 'python-nav-backward-up-list)
    (define-key map "\C-c\C-j" 'imenu)
    ;; Indent specific
    (define-key map "\177" 'python-indent-dedent-line-backspace)
    (define-key map (kbd "<backtab>") 'python-indent-dedent-line)
    (define-key map "\C-c<" 'python-indent-shift-left)
    (define-key map "\C-c>" 'python-indent-shift-right)
    ;; Skeletons
    (define-key map "\C-c\C-tc" 'python-skeleton-class)
    (define-key map "\C-c\C-td" 'python-skeleton-def)
    (define-key map "\C-c\C-tf" 'python-skeleton-for)
    (define-key map "\C-c\C-ti" 'python-skeleton-if)
    (define-key map "\C-c\C-tm" 'python-skeleton-import)
    (define-key map "\C-c\C-tt" 'python-skeleton-try)
    (define-key map "\C-c\C-tw" 'python-skeleton-while)
    ;; Shell interaction
    (define-key map "\C-c\C-p" 'run-python)
    (define-key map "\C-c\C-s" 'python-shell-send-string)
    (define-key map "\C-c\C-r" 'python-shell-send-region)
    (define-key map "\C-\M-x" 'python-shell-send-defun)
    (define-key map "\C-c\C-c" 'python-shell-send-buffer)
    (define-key map "\C-c\C-l" 'python-shell-send-file)
    (define-key map "\C-c\C-z" 'python-shell-switch-to-shell)
    ;; Some util commands
    (define-key map "\C-c\C-v" 'python-check)
    (define-key map "\C-c\C-f" 'python-eldoc-at-point)
    ;; Utilities
    (substitute-key-definition 'complete-symbol 'completion-at-point
                               map global-map)
    (easy-menu-define python-menu map "Python Mode menu"
      `("Python"
        :help "Python-specific Features"
        ["Shift region left" python-indent-shift-left :active mark-active
         :help "Shift region left by a single indentation step"]
        ["Shift region right" python-indent-shift-right :active mark-active
         :help "Shift region right by a single indentation step"]
        "-"
        ["Start of def/class" beginning-of-defun
         :help "Go to start of outermost definition around point"]
        ["End of def/class" end-of-defun
         :help "Go to end of definition around point"]
        ["Mark def/class" mark-defun
         :help "Mark outermost definition around point"]
        ["Jump to def/class" imenu
         :help "Jump to a class or function definition"]
        "--"
        ("Skeletons")
        "---"
        ["Start interpreter" run-python
         :help "Run inferior Python process in a separate buffer"]
        ["Switch to shell" python-shell-switch-to-shell
         :help "Switch to running inferior Python process"]
        ["Eval string" python-shell-send-string
         :help "Eval string in inferior Python session"]
        ["Eval buffer" python-shell-send-buffer
         :help "Eval buffer in inferior Python session"]
        ["Eval region" python-shell-send-region
         :help "Eval region in inferior Python session"]
        ["Eval defun" python-shell-send-defun
         :help "Eval defun in inferior Python session"]
        ["Eval file" python-shell-send-file
         :help "Eval file in inferior Python session"]
        ["Debugger" pdb :help "Run pdb under GUD"]
        "----"
        ["Check file" python-check
         :help "Check file for errors"]
        ["Help on symbol" python-eldoc-at-point
         :help "Get help on symbol at point"]
        ["Complete symbol" completion-at-point
         :help "Complete symbol before point"]))
    map)
  "Keymap for `python-mode'.")


;;; Python specialized rx

(eval-when-compile
  (defconst python-rx-constituents
    `((block-start          . ,(rx symbol-start
                                   (or "def" "class" "if" "elif" "else" "try"
                                       "except" "finally" "for" "while" "with")
                                   symbol-end))
      (dedenter            . ,(rx symbol-start
                                   (or "elif" "else" "except" "finally")
                                   symbol-end))
      (block-ender         . ,(rx symbol-start
                                  (or
                                   "break" "continue" "pass" "raise" "return")
                                  symbol-end))
      (decorator            . ,(rx line-start (* space) ?@ (any letter ?_)
                                   (* (any word ?_))))
      (defun                . ,(rx symbol-start (or "def" "class") symbol-end))
      (if-name-main         . ,(rx line-start "if" (+ space) "__name__"
                                   (+ space) "==" (+ space)
                                   (any ?' ?\") "__main__" (any ?' ?\")
                                   (* space) ?:))
      (symbol-name          . ,(rx (any letter ?_) (* (any word ?_))))
      (open-paren           . ,(rx (or "{" "[" "(")))
      (close-paren          . ,(rx (or "}" "]" ")")))
      (simple-operator      . ,(rx (any ?+ ?- ?/ ?& ?^ ?~ ?| ?* ?< ?> ?= ?%)))
      ;; FIXME: rx should support (not simple-operator).
      (not-simple-operator  . ,(rx
                                (not
                                 (any ?+ ?- ?/ ?& ?^ ?~ ?| ?* ?< ?> ?= ?%))))
      ;; FIXME: Use regexp-opt.
      (operator             . ,(rx (or "+" "-" "/" "&" "^" "~" "|" "*" "<" ">"
                                       "=" "%" "**" "//" "<<" ">>" "<=" "!="
                                       "==" ">=" "is" "not")))
      ;; FIXME: Use regexp-opt.
      (assignment-operator  . ,(rx (or "=" "+=" "-=" "*=" "/=" "//=" "%=" "**="
                                       ">>=" "<<=" "&=" "^=" "|=")))
      (string-delimiter . ,(rx (and
                                ;; Match even number of backslashes.
                                (or (not (any ?\\ ?\' ?\")) point
                                    ;; Quotes might be preceded by a escaped quote.
                                    (and (or (not (any ?\\)) point) ?\\
                                         (* ?\\ ?\\) (any ?\' ?\")))
                                (* ?\\ ?\\)
                                ;; Match single or triple quotes of any kind.
                                (group (or  "\"" "\"\"\"" "'" "'''"))))))
    "Additional Python specific sexps for `python-rx'")

  (defmacro python-rx (&rest regexps)
    "Python mode specialized rx macro.
This variant of `rx' supports common Python named REGEXPS."
    (let ((rx-constituents (append python-rx-constituents rx-constituents)))
      (cond ((null regexps)
             (error "No regexp"))
            ((cdr regexps)
             (rx-to-string `(and ,@regexps) t))
            (t
             (rx-to-string (car regexps) t))))))


;;; Font-lock and syntax

(eval-when-compile
  (defun python-syntax--context-compiler-macro (form type &optional syntax-ppss)
    (pcase type
      (`'comment
       `(let ((ppss (or ,syntax-ppss (syntax-ppss))))
          (and (nth 4 ppss) (nth 8 ppss))))
      (`'string
       `(let ((ppss (or ,syntax-ppss (syntax-ppss))))
          (and (nth 3 ppss) (nth 8 ppss))))
      (`'paren
       `(nth 1 (or ,syntax-ppss (syntax-ppss))))
      (_ form))))

(defun python-syntax-context (type &optional syntax-ppss)
  "Return non-nil if point is on TYPE using SYNTAX-PPSS.
TYPE can be `comment', `string' or `paren'.  It returns the start
character address of the specified TYPE."
  (declare (compiler-macro python-syntax--context-compiler-macro))
  (let ((ppss (or syntax-ppss (syntax-ppss))))
    (pcase type
      (`comment (and (nth 4 ppss) (nth 8 ppss)))
      (`string (and (nth 3 ppss) (nth 8 ppss)))
      (`paren (nth 1 ppss))
      (_ nil))))

(defun python-syntax-context-type (&optional syntax-ppss)
  "Return the context type using SYNTAX-PPSS.
The type returned can be `comment', `string' or `paren'."
  (let ((ppss (or syntax-ppss (syntax-ppss))))
    (cond
     ((nth 8 ppss) (if (nth 4 ppss) 'comment 'string))
     ((nth 1 ppss) 'paren))))

(defsubst python-syntax-comment-or-string-p ()
  "Return non-nil if point is inside 'comment or 'string."
  (nth 8 (syntax-ppss)))

(define-obsolete-function-alias
  'python-info-ppss-context #'python-syntax-context "24.3")

(define-obsolete-function-alias
  'python-info-ppss-context-type #'python-syntax-context-type "24.3")

(define-obsolete-function-alias
  'python-info-ppss-comment-or-string-p
  #'python-syntax-comment-or-string-p "24.3")

(defvar python-font-lock-keywords
  ;; Keywords
  `(,(rx symbol-start
         (or
          "and" "del" "from" "not" "while" "as" "elif" "global" "or" "with"
          "assert" "else" "if" "pass" "yield" "break" "except" "import" "class"
          "in" "raise" "continue" "finally" "is" "return" "def" "for" "lambda"
          "try"
          ;; Python 2:
          "print" "exec"
          ;; Python 3:
          ;; False, None, and True are listed as keywords on the Python 3
          ;; documentation, but since they also qualify as constants they are
          ;; fontified like that in order to keep font-lock consistent between
          ;; Python versions.
          "nonlocal"
          ;; Extra:
          "self")
         symbol-end)
    ;; functions
    (,(rx symbol-start "def" (1+ space) (group (1+ (or word ?_))))
     (1 font-lock-function-name-face))
    ;; classes
    (,(rx symbol-start "class" (1+ space) (group (1+ (or word ?_))))
     (1 font-lock-type-face))
    ;; Constants
    (,(rx symbol-start
          (or
           "Ellipsis" "False" "None" "NotImplemented" "True" "__debug__"
           ;; copyright, license, credits, quit and exit are added by the site
           ;; module and they are not intended to be used in programs
           "copyright" "credits" "exit" "license" "quit")
          symbol-end) . font-lock-constant-face)
    ;; Decorators.
    (,(rx line-start (* (any " \t")) (group "@" (1+ (or word ?_))
                                            (0+ "." (1+ (or word ?_)))))
     (1 font-lock-type-face))
    ;; Builtin Exceptions
    (,(rx symbol-start
          (or
           "ArithmeticError" "AssertionError" "AttributeError" "BaseException"
           "DeprecationWarning" "EOFError" "EnvironmentError" "Exception"
           "FloatingPointError" "FutureWarning" "GeneratorExit" "IOError"
           "ImportError" "ImportWarning" "IndexError" "KeyError"
           "KeyboardInterrupt" "LookupError" "MemoryError" "NameError"
           "NotImplementedError" "OSError" "OverflowError"
           "PendingDeprecationWarning" "ReferenceError" "RuntimeError"
           "RuntimeWarning" "StopIteration" "SyntaxError" "SyntaxWarning"
           "SystemError" "SystemExit" "TypeError" "UnboundLocalError"
           "UnicodeDecodeError" "UnicodeEncodeError" "UnicodeError"
           "UnicodeTranslateError" "UnicodeWarning" "UserWarning" "VMSError"
           "ValueError" "Warning" "WindowsError" "ZeroDivisionError"
           ;; Python 2:
           "StandardError"
           ;; Python 3:
           "BufferError" "BytesWarning" "IndentationError" "ResourceWarning"
           "TabError")
          symbol-end) . font-lock-type-face)
    ;; Builtins
    (,(rx symbol-start
          (or
           "abs" "all" "any" "bin" "bool" "callable" "chr" "classmethod"
           "compile" "complex" "delattr" "dict" "dir" "divmod" "enumerate"
           "eval" "filter" "float" "format" "frozenset" "getattr" "globals"
           "hasattr" "hash" "help" "hex" "id" "input" "int" "isinstance"
           "issubclass" "iter" "len" "list" "locals" "map" "max" "memoryview"
           "min" "next" "object" "oct" "open" "ord" "pow" "print" "property"
           "range" "repr" "reversed" "round" "set" "setattr" "slice" "sorted"
           "staticmethod" "str" "sum" "super" "tuple" "type" "vars" "zip"
           "__import__"
           ;; Python 2:
           "basestring" "cmp" "execfile" "file" "long" "raw_input" "reduce"
           "reload" "unichr" "unicode" "xrange" "apply" "buffer" "coerce"
           "intern"
           ;; Python 3:
           "ascii" "bytearray" "bytes" "exec"
           ;; Extra:
           "__all__" "__doc__" "__name__" "__package__")
          symbol-end) . font-lock-builtin-face)
    ;; assignments
    ;; support for a = b = c = 5
    (,(lambda (limit)
        (let ((re (python-rx (group (+ (any word ?. ?_)))
                             (? ?\[ (+ (not (any  ?\]))) ?\]) (* space)
                             assignment-operator))
              (res nil))
          (while (and (setq res (re-search-forward re limit t))
                      (or (python-syntax-context 'paren)
                          (equal (char-after (point)) ?=))))
          res))
     (1 font-lock-variable-name-face nil nil))
    ;; support for a, b, c = (1, 2, 3)
    (,(lambda (limit)
        (let ((re (python-rx (group (+ (any word ?. ?_))) (* space)
                             (* ?, (* space) (+ (any word ?. ?_)) (* space))
                             ?, (* space) (+ (any word ?. ?_)) (* space)
                             assignment-operator))
              (res nil))
          (while (and (setq res (re-search-forward re limit t))
                      (goto-char (match-end 1))
                      (python-syntax-context 'paren)))
          res))
     (1 font-lock-variable-name-face nil nil))))

(defconst python-syntax-propertize-function
  (syntax-propertize-rules
   ((python-rx string-delimiter)
    (0 (ignore (python-syntax-stringify))))))

(defsubst python-syntax-count-quotes (quote-char &optional point limit)
  "Count number of quotes around point (max is 3).
QUOTE-CHAR is the quote char to count.  Optional argument POINT is
the point where scan starts (defaults to current point), and LIMIT
is used to limit the scan."
  (let ((i 0))
    (while (and (< i 3)
                (or (not limit) (< (+ point i) limit))
                (eq (char-after (+ point i)) quote-char))
      (setq i (1+ i)))
    i))

(defun python-syntax-stringify ()
  "Put `syntax-table' property correctly on single/triple quotes."
  (let* ((num-quotes (length (match-string-no-properties 1)))
         (ppss (prog2
                   (backward-char num-quotes)
                   (syntax-ppss)
                 (forward-char num-quotes)))
         (string-start (and (not (nth 4 ppss)) (nth 8 ppss)))
         (quote-starting-pos (- (point) num-quotes))
         (quote-ending-pos (point))
         (num-closing-quotes
          (and string-start
               (python-syntax-count-quotes
                (char-before) string-start quote-starting-pos))))
    (cond ((and string-start (= num-closing-quotes 0))
           ;; This set of quotes doesn't match the string starting
           ;; kind. Do nothing.
           nil)
          ((not string-start)
           ;; This set of quotes delimit the start of a string.
           (put-text-property quote-starting-pos (1+ quote-starting-pos)
                              'syntax-table (string-to-syntax "|")))
          ((= num-quotes num-closing-quotes)
           ;; This set of quotes delimit the end of a string.
           (put-text-property (1- quote-ending-pos) quote-ending-pos
                              'syntax-table (string-to-syntax "|")))
          ((> num-quotes num-closing-quotes)
           ;; This may only happen whenever a triple quote is closing
           ;; a single quoted string. Add string delimiter syntax to
           ;; all three quotes.
           (put-text-property quote-starting-pos quote-ending-pos
                              'syntax-table (string-to-syntax "|"))))))

(defvar python-mode-syntax-table
  (let ((table (make-syntax-table)))
    ;; Give punctuation syntax to ASCII that normally has symbol
    ;; syntax or has word syntax and isn't a letter.
    (let ((symbol (string-to-syntax "_"))
          (sst (standard-syntax-table)))
      (dotimes (i 128)
        (unless (= i ?_)
          (if (equal symbol (aref sst i))
              (modify-syntax-entry i "." table)))))
    (modify-syntax-entry ?$ "." table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?% "." table)
    ;; exceptions
    (modify-syntax-entry ?# "<" table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?\n ">" table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?' "\"" table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?` "$" table)
    table)
  "Syntax table for Python files.")

(defvar python-dotty-syntax-table
  (let ((table (make-syntax-table python-mode-syntax-table)))
    (modify-syntax-entry ?. "w" table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?_ "w" table)
    table)
  "Dotty syntax table for Python files.
It makes underscores and dots word constituent chars.")


;;; Indentation

(defcustom python-indent-offset 4
  "Default indentation offset for Python."
  :group 'python
  :type 'integer
  :safe 'integerp)

(defcustom python-indent-guess-indent-offset t
  "Non-nil tells Python mode to guess `python-indent-offset' value."
  :type 'boolean
  :group 'python
  :safe 'booleanp)

(defcustom python-indent-trigger-commands
  '(indent-for-tab-command yas-expand yas/expand)
  "Commands that might trigger a `python-indent-line' call."
  :type '(repeat symbol)
  :group 'python)

(define-obsolete-variable-alias
  'python-indent 'python-indent-offset "24.3")

(define-obsolete-variable-alias
  'python-guess-indent 'python-indent-guess-indent-offset "24.3")

(defvar python-indent-current-level 0
  "Current indentation level `python-indent-line-function' is using.")

(defvar python-indent-levels '(0)
  "Levels of indentation available for `python-indent-line-function'.")

(defun python-indent-guess-indent-offset ()
  "Guess and set `python-indent-offset' for the current buffer."
  (interactive)
  (save-excursion
    (save-restriction
      (widen)
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (let ((block-end))
        (while (and (not block-end)
                    (re-search-forward
                     (python-rx line-start block-start) nil t))
          (when (and
                 (not (python-syntax-context-type))
                 (progn
                   (goto-char (line-end-position))
                   (python-util-forward-comment -1)
                   (if (equal (char-before) ?:)
                       t
                     (forward-line 1)
                     (when (python-info-block-continuation-line-p)
                       (while (and (python-info-continuation-line-p)
                                   (not (eobp)))
                         (forward-line 1))
                       (python-util-forward-comment -1)
                       (when (equal (char-before) ?:)
                         t)))))
            (setq block-end (point-marker))))
        (let ((indentation
               (when block-end
                 (goto-char block-end)
                 (python-util-forward-comment)
                 (current-indentation))))
          (if (and indentation (not (zerop indentation)))
              (set (make-local-variable 'python-indent-offset) indentation)
            (message "Can't guess python-indent-offset, using defaults: %s"
                     python-indent-offset)))))))

(defun python-indent-context ()
  "Get information on indentation context.
Context information is returned with a cons with the form:
    (STATUS . START)

Where status can be any of the following symbols:

 * after-comment: When current line might continue a comment block
 * inside-paren: If point in between (), {} or []
 * inside-string: If point is inside a string
 * after-backslash: Previous line ends in a backslash
 * after-beginning-of-block: Point is after beginning of block
 * after-line: Point is after normal line
 * dedenter-statement: Point is on a dedenter statement.
 * no-indent: Point is at beginning of buffer or other special case
START is the buffer position where the sexp starts."
  (save-restriction
    (widen)
    (let ((ppss (save-excursion (beginning-of-line) (syntax-ppss)))
          (start))
      (cons
       (cond
        ;; Beginning of buffer
        ((save-excursion
           (goto-char (line-beginning-position))
           (bobp))
         'no-indent)
        ;; Comment continuation
        ((save-excursion
           (when (and
                  (or
                   (python-info-current-line-comment-p)
                   (python-info-current-line-empty-p))
                  (progn
                    (forward-comment -1)
                    (python-info-current-line-comment-p)))
             (setq start (point))
             'after-comment)))
        ;; Inside string
        ((setq start (python-syntax-context 'string ppss))
         'inside-string)
        ;; Inside a paren
        ((setq start (python-syntax-context 'paren ppss))
         'inside-paren)
        ;; After backslash
        ((setq start (when (not (or (python-syntax-context 'string ppss)
                                    (python-syntax-context 'comment ppss)))
                       (let ((line-beg-pos (line-number-at-pos)))
                         (python-info-line-ends-backslash-p
                          (1- line-beg-pos)))))
         'after-backslash)
        ;; After beginning of block
        ((setq start (save-excursion
                       (when (progn
                               (back-to-indentation)
                               (python-util-forward-comment -1)
                               (equal (char-before) ?:))
                         ;; Move to the first block start that's not in within
                         ;; a string, comment or paren and that's not a
                         ;; continuation line.
                         (while (and (re-search-backward
                                      (python-rx block-start) nil t)
                                     (or
                                      (python-syntax-context-type)
                                      (python-info-continuation-line-p))))
                         (when (looking-at (python-rx block-start))
                           (point-marker)))))
         'after-beginning-of-block)
        ((when (setq start (python-info-dedenter-statement-p))
           'dedenter-statement))
        ;; After normal line
        ((setq start (save-excursion
                       (back-to-indentation)
                       (skip-chars-backward (rx (or whitespace ?\n)))
                       (python-nav-beginning-of-statement)
                       (point-marker)))
         'after-line)
        ;; Do not indent
        (t 'no-indent))
       start))))

(defun python-indent-calculate-indentation ()
  "Calculate correct indentation offset for the current line."
  (let* ((indentation-context (python-indent-context))
         (context-status (car indentation-context))
         (context-start (cdr indentation-context)))
    (save-restriction
      (widen)
      (save-excursion
        (pcase context-status
          (`no-indent 0)
          (`after-comment
           (goto-char context-start)
           (current-indentation))
          ;; When point is after beginning of block just add one level
          ;; of indentation relative to the context-start
          (`after-beginning-of-block
           (goto-char context-start)
           (+ (current-indentation) python-indent-offset))
          ;; When after a simple line just use previous line
          ;; indentation.
          (`after-line
           (let* ((pair (save-excursion
                          (goto-char context-start)
                          (cons
                           (current-indentation)
                           (python-info-beginning-of-block-p))))
                  (context-indentation (car pair))
                  ;; TODO: Separate block enders into its own case.
                  (adjustment
                   (if (save-excursion
                         (python-util-forward-comment -1)
                         (python-nav-beginning-of-statement)
                         (looking-at (python-rx block-ender)))
                       python-indent-offset
                     0)))
             (- context-indentation adjustment)))
          ;; When point is on a dedenter statement, search for the
          ;; opening block that corresponds to it and use its
          ;; indentation.  If no opening block is found just remove
          ;; indentation as this is an invalid python file.
          (`dedenter-statement
           (let ((block-start-point
                  (python-info-dedenter-opening-block-position)))
             (save-excursion
               (if (not block-start-point)
                   0
                 (goto-char block-start-point)
                 (current-indentation)))))
          ;; When inside of a string, do nothing. just use the current
          ;; indentation.  XXX: perhaps it would be a good idea to
          ;; invoke standard text indentation here
          (`inside-string
           (goto-char context-start)
           (current-indentation))
          ;; After backslash we have several possibilities.
          (`after-backslash
           (cond
            ;; Check if current line is a dot continuation.  For this
            ;; the current line must start with a dot and previous
            ;; line must contain a dot too.
            ((save-excursion
               (back-to-indentation)
               (when (looking-at "\\.")
                 ;; If after moving one line back point is inside a paren it
                 ;; needs to move back until it's not anymore
                 (while (prog2
                            (forward-line -1)
                            (and (not (bobp))
                                 (python-syntax-context 'paren))))
                 (goto-char (line-end-position))
                 (while (and (re-search-backward
                              "\\." (line-beginning-position) t)
                             (python-syntax-context-type)))
                 (if (and (looking-at "\\.")
                          (not (python-syntax-context-type)))
                     ;; The indentation is the same column of the
                     ;; first matching dot that's not inside a
                     ;; comment, a string or a paren
                     (current-column)
                   ;; No dot found on previous line, just add another
                   ;; indentation level.
                   (+ (current-indentation) python-indent-offset)))))
            ;; Check if prev line is a block continuation
            ((let ((block-continuation-start
                    (python-info-block-continuation-line-p)))
               (when block-continuation-start
                 ;; If block-continuation-start is set jump to that
                 ;; marker and use first column after the block start
                 ;; as indentation value.
                 (goto-char block-continuation-start)
                 (re-search-forward
                  (python-rx block-start (* space))
                  (line-end-position) t)
                 (current-column))))
            ;; Check if current line is an assignment continuation
            ((let ((assignment-continuation-start
                    (python-info-assignment-continuation-line-p)))
               (when assignment-continuation-start
                 ;; If assignment-continuation is set jump to that
                 ;; marker and use first column after the assignment
                 ;; operator as indentation value.
                 (goto-char assignment-continuation-start)
                 (current-column))))
            (t
             (forward-line -1)
             (goto-char (python-info-beginning-of-backslash))
             (if (save-excursion
                   (and
                    (forward-line -1)
                    (goto-char
                     (or (python-info-beginning-of-backslash) (point)))
                    (python-info-line-ends-backslash-p)))
                 ;; The two previous lines ended in a backslash so we must
                 ;; respect previous line indentation.
                 (current-indentation)
               ;; What happens here is that we are dealing with the second
               ;; line of a backslash continuation, in that case we just going
               ;; to add one indentation level.
               (+ (current-indentation) python-indent-offset)))))
          ;; When inside a paren there's a need to handle nesting
          ;; correctly
          (`inside-paren
           (cond
            ;; If current line closes the outermost open paren use the
            ;; current indentation of the context-start line.
            ((save-excursion
               (skip-syntax-forward "\s" (line-end-position))
               (when (and (looking-at (regexp-opt '(")" "]" "}")))
                          (progn
                            (forward-char 1)
                            (not (python-syntax-context 'paren))))
                 (goto-char context-start)
                 (current-indentation))))
            ;; If open paren is contained on a line by itself add another
            ;; indentation level, else look for the first word after the
            ;; opening paren and use it's column position as indentation
            ;; level.
            ((let* ((content-starts-in-newline)
                    (indent
                     (save-excursion
                       (if (setq content-starts-in-newline
                                 (progn
                                   (goto-char context-start)
                                   (forward-char)
                                   (save-restriction
                                     (narrow-to-region
                                      (line-beginning-position)
                                      (line-end-position))
                                     (python-util-forward-comment))
                                   (looking-at "$")))
                           (+ (current-indentation) python-indent-offset)
                         (current-column)))))
               ;; Adjustments
               (cond
                ;; If current line closes a nested open paren de-indent one
                ;; level.
                ((progn
                   (back-to-indentation)
                   (looking-at (regexp-opt '(")" "]" "}"))))
                 (- indent python-indent-offset))
                ;; If the line of the opening paren that wraps the current
                ;; line starts a block add another level of indentation to
                ;; follow new pep8 recommendation. See: http://ur1.ca/5rojx
                ((save-excursion
                   (when (and content-starts-in-newline
                              (progn
                                (goto-char context-start)
                                (back-to-indentation)
                                (looking-at (python-rx block-start))))
                     (+ indent python-indent-offset))))
                (t indent)))))))))))

(defun python-indent-calculate-levels ()
  "Calculate `python-indent-levels' and reset `python-indent-current-level'."
  (if (or (python-info-continuation-line-p)
          (not (python-info-dedenter-statement-p)))
      ;; XXX: This asks for a refactor.  Even if point is on a
      ;; dedenter statement, it could be multiline and in that case
      ;; the continuation lines should be indented with normal rules.
      (let* ((indentation (python-indent-calculate-indentation))
             (remainder (% indentation python-indent-offset))
             (steps (/ (- indentation remainder) python-indent-offset)))
        (setq python-indent-levels (list 0))
        (dotimes (step steps)
          (push (* python-indent-offset (1+ step)) python-indent-levels))
        (when (not (eq 0 remainder))
          (push (+ (* python-indent-offset steps) remainder) python-indent-levels)))
    (setq python-indent-levels
          (or
           (mapcar (lambda (pos)
                     (save-excursion
                       (goto-char pos)
                       (current-indentation)))
                   (python-info-dedenter-opening-block-positions))
           (list 0))))
  (setq python-indent-current-level (1- (length python-indent-levels))
        python-indent-levels (nreverse python-indent-levels)))

(defun python-indent-toggle-levels ()
  "Toggle `python-indent-current-level' over `python-indent-levels'."
  (setq python-indent-current-level (1- python-indent-current-level))
  (when (< python-indent-current-level 0)
    (setq python-indent-current-level (1- (length python-indent-levels)))))

(defun python-indent-line (&optional force-toggle)
  "Internal implementation of `python-indent-line-function'.
Uses the offset calculated in
`python-indent-calculate-indentation' and available levels
indicated by the variable `python-indent-levels' to set the
current indentation.

When the variable `last-command' is equal to one of the symbols
inside `python-indent-trigger-commands' or FORCE-TOGGLE is
non-nil it cycles levels indicated in the variable
`python-indent-levels' by setting the current level in the
variable `python-indent-current-level'.

When the variable `last-command' is not equal to one of the
symbols inside `python-indent-trigger-commands' and FORCE-TOGGLE
is nil it calculates possible indentation levels and saves them
in the variable `python-indent-levels'.  Afterwards it sets the
variable `python-indent-current-level' correctly so offset is
equal to
   (nth python-indent-current-level python-indent-levels)"
  (or
   (and (or (and (memq this-command python-indent-trigger-commands)
                 (eq last-command this-command))
            force-toggle)
        (not (equal python-indent-levels '(0)))
        (or (python-indent-toggle-levels) t))
   (python-indent-calculate-levels))
  (let* ((starting-pos (point-marker))
         (indent-ending-position
          (+ (line-beginning-position) (current-indentation)))
         (follow-indentation-p
          (or (bolp)
              (and (<= (line-beginning-position) starting-pos)
                   (>= indent-ending-position starting-pos))))
         (next-indent (nth python-indent-current-level python-indent-levels)))
    (unless (= next-indent (current-indentation))
      (beginning-of-line)
      (delete-horizontal-space)
      (indent-to next-indent)
      (goto-char starting-pos))
    (and follow-indentation-p (back-to-indentation)))
  (python-info-dedenter-opening-block-message))

(defun python-indent-line-function ()
  "`indent-line-function' for Python mode.
See `python-indent-line' for details."
  (python-indent-line))

(defun python-indent-dedent-line ()
  "De-indent current line."
  (interactive "*")
  (when (and (not (python-syntax-comment-or-string-p))
             (<= (point) (save-excursion
                                  (back-to-indentation)
                           (point)))
             (> (current-column) 0))
    (python-indent-line t)
    t))

(defun python-indent-dedent-line-backspace (arg)
  "De-indent current line.
Argument ARG is passed to `backward-delete-char-untabify' when
point is not in between the indentation."
  (interactive "*p")
  (when (not (python-indent-dedent-line))
    (backward-delete-char-untabify arg)))
(put 'python-indent-dedent-line-backspace 'delete-selection 'supersede)

(defun python-indent-region (start end)
  "Indent a Python region automagically.

Called from a program, START and END specify the region to indent."
  (let ((deactivate-mark nil))
    (save-excursion
      (goto-char end)
      (setq end (point-marker))
      (goto-char start)
      (or (bolp) (forward-line 1))
      (while (< (point) end)
        (or (and (bolp) (eolp))
            (when (and
                   ;; Skip if previous line is empty or a comment.
                   (save-excursion
                     (let ((line-is-comment-p
                            (python-info-current-line-comment-p)))
                       (forward-line -1)
                       (not
                        (or (and (python-info-current-line-comment-p)
                                 ;; Unless this line is a comment too.
                                 (not line-is-comment-p))
                            (python-info-current-line-empty-p)))))
                   ;; Don't mess with strings, unless it's the
                   ;; enclosing set of quotes.
                   (or (not (python-syntax-context 'string))
                       (eq
                        (syntax-after
                         (+ (1- (point))
                            (current-indentation)
                            (python-syntax-count-quotes (char-after) (point))))
                        (string-to-syntax "|")))
                   ;; Skip if current line is a block start, a
                   ;; dedenter or block ender.
                   (save-excursion
                     (back-to-indentation)
                     (not (looking-at
                           (python-rx
                            (or block-start dedenter block-ender))))))
              (python-indent-line)))
        (forward-line 1))
      (move-marker end nil))))

(defun python-indent-shift-left (start end &optional count)
  "Shift lines contained in region START END by COUNT columns to the left.
COUNT defaults to `python-indent-offset'.  If region isn't
active, the current line is shifted.  The shifted region includes
the lines in which START and END lie.  An error is signaled if
any lines in the region are indented less than COUNT columns."
  (interactive
   (if mark-active
       (list (region-beginning) (region-end) current-prefix-arg)
     (list (line-beginning-position) (line-end-position) current-prefix-arg)))
  (if count
      (setq count (prefix-numeric-value count))
    (setq count python-indent-offset))
  (when (> count 0)
    (let ((deactivate-mark nil))
      (save-excursion
        (goto-char start)
        (while (< (point) end)
          (if (and (< (current-indentation) count)
                   (not (looking-at "[ \t]*$")))
              (user-error "Can't shift all lines enough"))
          (forward-line))
        (indent-rigidly start end (- count))))))

(defun python-indent-shift-right (start end &optional count)
  "Shift lines contained in region START END by COUNT columns to the right.
COUNT defaults to `python-indent-offset'.  If region isn't
active, the current line is shifted.  The shifted region includes
the lines in which START and END lie."
  (interactive
   (if mark-active
       (list (region-beginning) (region-end) current-prefix-arg)
     (list (line-beginning-position) (line-end-position) current-prefix-arg)))
  (let ((deactivate-mark nil))
    (setq count (if count (prefix-numeric-value count)
                  python-indent-offset))
    (indent-rigidly start end count)))

(defun python-indent-post-self-insert-function ()
  "Adjust indentation after insertion of some characters.
This function is intended to be added to `post-self-insert-hook.'
If a line renders a paren alone, after adding a char before it,
the line will be re-indented automatically if needed."
  (when (and electric-indent-mode
             (eq (char-before) last-command-event))
    (cond
     ;; Electric indent inside parens
     ((and
       (not (bolp))
       (let ((paren-start (python-syntax-context 'paren)))
         ;; Check that point is inside parens.
         (when paren-start
           (not
            ;; Filter the case where input is happening in the same
            ;; line where the open paren is.
            (= (line-number-at-pos)
               (line-number-at-pos paren-start)))))
       ;; When content has been added before the closing paren or a
       ;; comma has been inserted, it's ok to do the trick.
       (or
        (memq (char-after) '(?\) ?\] ?\}))
        (eq (char-before) ?,)))
      (save-excursion
        (goto-char (line-beginning-position))
        (let ((indentation (python-indent-calculate-indentation)))
          (when (< (current-indentation) indentation)
            (indent-line-to indentation)))))
     ;; Electric colon