Fix minor quoting problems in doc strings

Most of these fixes involve escaping grave accents that are
actually intended to be grave accents, not left quotes.
(Bug#20385)

etc/edt-user.el

@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ G-C-\\: Split Window
   G-%: Go to Percentage
   G- : Undo  (GOLD Spacebar)
   G-=: Go to Line
-  G-`: What line
+  G-\\=`: What line
   G-/: Query-Replace"
 
   (interactive)

lisp/calc/calc-misc.el

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ For use with Embedded mode:
   N  calc-embedded-next.  Advance cursor to next known formula in buffer.
   P  calc-embedded-previous.  Advance cursor to previous known formula.
   U  calc-embedded-update-formula.  Re-evaluate formula at point.
-  `  calc-embedded-edit.  Use calc-edit to edit formula at point.
+  \\=`  calc-embedded-edit.  Use calc-edit to edit formula at point.
 
 Documentation:
   I  calc-info.  Read the Calculator manual in the Emacs Info system.
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ Calc user interface as before (either C-x * C or C-x * K; initially C-x * C).
 	   "Letter keys: SHIFT + Num-eval; More-recn; eXec-kbd-macro; Keep-args"
 	   "Other keys: +, -, *, /, ^, \\ (int div), : (frac div)"
 	   "Other keys: & (1/x), | (concat), % (modulo), ! (factorial)"
-	   "Other keys: ' (alg-entry), = (eval), ` (edit); M-RET (last-args)"
+	   "Other keys: ' (alg-entry), = (eval), \\=` (edit); M-RET (last-args)"
 	   "Other keys: SPC/RET (enter/dup), LFD (over); < > (scroll horiz)"
 	   "Other keys: DEL (drop), M-DEL (drop-above); { } (scroll vert)"
 	   "Other keys: TAB (swap/roll-dn), M-TAB (roll-up)"

lisp/cedet/semantic/wisent/wisent.el

@@ -44,11 +44,11 @@
   "
            /\\_.-^^^-._/\\     The GNU
            \\_         _/
-            (     `o  `      (European ;-) Bison
-             \\      ` /
+            (     \\=`o  \\=`      (European ;-) Bison
+             \\      \\=` /
              (   D  ,\"       for Emacs!
-              ` ~ ,\"
-               `\"\""
+              \\=` ~ ,\"
+               \\=`\"\""
   :group 'semantic)
 
 

lisp/cedet/srecode/texi.el

@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ that class.
  variable   => @code{variable}
  class      => @code{class} @xref{class}
  unknown    => @code{unknown}
- \" text \"   => `` text ''
+ \"text\"     => \\=`\\=`text''
  'quoteme   => @code{quoteme}
  non-nil    => non-@code{nil}
  t          => @code{t}

lisp/emacs-lisp/macroexp.el

@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ definitions to shadow the loaded ones for use in file byte-compilation."
 
 (defmacro macroexp-let2 (test var exp &rest exps)
   "Bind VAR to a copyable expression that returns the value of EXP.
-This is like `(let ((v ,EXP)) ,EXPS) except that `v' is a new generated
+This is like \\=`(let ((v ,EXP)) ,EXPS) except that `v' is a new generated
 symbol which EXPS can find in VAR.
 TEST should be the name of a predicate on EXP checking whether the `let' can
 be skipped; if nil, as is usual, `macroexp-const-p' is used."

lisp/emulation/viper-cmd.el

@@ -4400,7 +4400,7 @@ and regexp replace."
 ;; etc.
 (defun viper-cycle-through-mark-ring ()
   "Visit previous locations on the mark ring.
-One can use `` and '' to temporarily jump 1 step back."
+One can use \\=`\\=` and '' to temporarily jump 1 step back."
   (let* ((sv-pt (point)))
        ;; if repeated `m,' command, pop the previously saved mark.
        ;; Prev saved mark is actually prev saved point.  It is used if the

lisp/erc/erc.el

@@ -2474,7 +2474,7 @@ on the given server.")
 (defcustom erc-lurker-trim-nicks t
   "If t, trim trailing `erc-lurker-ignore-chars' from nicks.
 
-This causes e.g. nick and nick` to be considered as the same
+This causes e.g. nick and nick\\=` to be considered as the same
 individual for activity tracking and lurkiness detection
 purposes."
   :group 'erc-lurker

lisp/eshell/em-dirs.el

@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ Thus, this does not include the current directory.")
 		 eshell-user-names)))))))
 
 (defun eshell/pwd (&rest args)
-  "Change output from `pwd` to be cleaner."
+  "Change output from ‘pwd’ to be cleaner."
   (let* ((path default-directory)
 	 (len (length path)))
     (if (and (> len 1)

lisp/files.el

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ FROM with TO when it appears in a directory name.  This replacement is
 done when setting up the default directory of a newly visited file.
 
 FROM is matched against directory names anchored at the first
-character, so it should start with a \"\\\\`\", or, if directory
+character, so it should start with a \"\\\\\\=`\", or, if directory
 names cannot have embedded newlines, with a \"^\".
 
 FROM and TO should be equivalent names, which refer to the

lisp/gnus/smime.el

@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ certificates to be sent with every message to each address."
 Directory should contain files (in PEM format) named to the X.509
 hash of the certificate.  This can be done using OpenSSL such as:
 
-$ ln -s ca.pem `openssl x509 -noout -hash -in ca.pem`.0
+$ ln -s ca.pem \\=`openssl x509 -noout -hash -in ca.pem\\=`.0
 
 where `ca.pem' is the file containing a PEM encoded X.509 CA
 certificate."

lisp/ido.el

@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ use either \\[customize] or the function `ido-mode'."
   '("\\` ")
   "List of regexps or functions matching buffer names to ignore.
 For example, traditional behavior is not to list buffers whose names begin
-with a space, for which the regexp is ‘\\` ’.  See the source file for
+with a space, for which the regexp is ‘\\\\=` ’.  See the source file for
 example functions that filter buffer names."
   :type '(repeat (choice regexp function))
   :group 'ido)
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ example functions that filter buffer names."
   '("\\`CVS/" "\\`#" "\\`.#" "\\`\\.\\./" "\\`\\./")
   "List of regexps or functions matching file names to ignore.
 For example, traditional behavior is not to list files whose names begin
-with a #, for which the regexp is ‘\\`#’.  See the source file for
+with a #, for which the regexp is ‘\\\\=`#’.  See the source file for
 example functions that filter filenames."
   :type '(repeat (choice regexp function))
   :group 'ido)

lisp/language/ethio-util.el

@@ -129,9 +129,9 @@ isolated vowel.")
   "Degree of reduction in converting Ethiopic digits into Arabic digits.
 Should be 0, 1 or 2.
 For example, ({10}{9}{100}{80}{7}) is converted into:
-    `10`9`100`80`7  if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 0,
-    `109100807	    if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 1,
-    `10900807	    if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 2.")
+    \\=`10\\=`9\\=`100\\=`80\\=`7  if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 0,
+    \\=`109100807	    if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 1,
+    \\=`10900807	    if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 2.")
 
 (defvar ethio-java-save-lowercase nil
   "Non-nil means save Ethiopic characters in lowercase hex numbers to Java files.

lisp/leim/quail/cyrillic.el

@@ -1245,7 +1245,7 @@ This phonetic layout replaces all the Latin letters with Bulgarian
 \(Cyrillic) letters based on similarities in their pronunciation or look.
 
 Note that, since the letters ‘щ’, ‘ь’, ‘ю’ and ‘я’ are attached to the
-‘]’, ‘\’, ‘`’ and ‘[’ keys respectively, Caps Lock does not affect them."
+‘]’, ‘\’, ‘\\=`’ and ‘[’ keys respectively, Caps Lock does not affect them."
 nil t t t t nil nil nil nil nil t)
 
 ;;  Ю  1! 2@ 3№ 4$ 5% 6€ 7§ 8* 9( 0) -– =+ ьѝ
@@ -1412,7 +1412,7 @@ The letters Ц, М, Ч, Р, Л, Б and Ы are not affected by Caps Lock.
 In addition to original Bulgarian typewriter layout, keys \\ and |
 are transformed into ' and Ы respectively.  Some keyboards mark these
 keys as being transformed into ( and ) respectively.  For ( and ), use
-` and ~ respectively.  This input method follows XKB."
+\\=` and ~ respectively.  This input method follows XKB."
  nil t t t t nil nil nil nil nil t)
 
 ;;  () 1! 2? 3+ 4" 5% 6= 7: 8/ 9_ 0№ -I .V

lisp/leim/quail/greek.el

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ mark		key
 ------------------------
 ypogegrammeni	J
 psili		'  or  v
-dasia		`  or  V
+dasia		\\=`  or  V
 oxia		/
 varia		?
 perispomeni	\\  or  ^

lisp/leim/quail/hebrew.el

@@ -113,8 +113,8 @@ Only Hebrew-related characters are considered.
 
 Based on latest draft of SI-1452 keyboard layout.
 Only Hebrew-related characters are considered.
- ‘`’ is used to switch levels instead of Alt-Gr.
-Geresh is mapped to ‘`k’.
+ ‘\\=`’ is used to switch levels instead of Alt-Gr.
+Geresh is mapped to ‘\\=`k’.
 " nil t t t t nil nil nil nil nil t)
 
 (quail-define-rules
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ Not suitable for modern Hebrew input.
 
 Based on Society of Biblical Literature's SIL keyboard layout.
 Phonetic and not suitable for modern Hebrew input.
- ‘`’ is used to switch levels instead of Alt-Gr.
+ ‘\\=`’ is used to switch levels instead of Alt-Gr.
  Euro Sign (€) is mapped to ‘Z’.
 " nil t t t t nil nil nil nil nil t)
 

lisp/leim/quail/latin-alt.el

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ special (so you can use that to enter a slash).
              | postfix | examples
  ------------+---------+----------
   acute      |    '    | a' -> á
-  grave      |    `    | a` -> à
+  grave      |    \\=`    | a\\=` -> à
   circumflex |    ^    | a^ -> â
   diaeresis  |    \"    | a\" -> ä
   tilde      |    ~    | a~ -> ã
@@ -209,20 +209,20 @@ Doubling the postfix separates the letter and postfix: e.g. a'' -> a'
  "latin-2-alt-postfix" "Latin-2" "2<" t
  "Latin-2 character input method with postfix modifiers
 This input method differs from `latin-2-postfix' in that
-comma and period are not special (use ` instead).
+comma and period are not special (use \\=` instead).
 
              | postfix | examples
  ------------+---------+----------
   acute      |    '    | a' -> á
-  ogonek     |    `    | a` -> ą
+  ogonek     |    \\=`    | a\\=` -> ą
   diaeresis  |    \"    | a\" -> ä
   circumflex |    ^    | a^ -> â
   breve      |    ~    | a~ -> ă
-  cedilla    |    `    | c` -> ç
+  cedilla    |    \\=`    | c\\=` -> ç
   caron      |    ~    | c~ -> č
   dbl. acute |    :    | o: -> ő
-  ring       |    `    | u` -> ů
-  dot        |    `    | z` -> ż
+  ring       |    \\=`    | u\\=` -> ů
+  dot        |    \\=`    | z\\=` -> ż
   stroke     |    /    | d/ -> đ
   others     |    /    | s/ -> ß
 
@@ -403,17 +403,17 @@ Doubling the postfix separates the letter and postfix: e.g. a'' -> a'
  "latin-3-alt-postfix" "Latin-3" "3<" t
  "Latin-3 character input method with postfix modifiers
 This input method differs from `latin-3-postfix' in that
-comma is not special (use ` instead), and period is not
+comma is not special (use \\=` instead), and period is not
 special (use slash instead).
 
              | postfix | examples
  ------------+---------+----------
   acute      |    '    | a' -> á
-  grave      |    `    | a` -> à
+  grave      |    \\=`    | a\\=` -> à
   circumflex |    ^    | a^ -> â
   diaeresis  |    \"    | a\" -> ä
   dot        |    /    | c/ -> ċ   i/ -> ı   I/ -> İ
-  cedilla    |    `    | c` -> ç
+  cedilla    |    \\=`    | c\\=` -> ç
   breve      |    ~    | g~ -> ğ
   tilde      |    ~    | n~ -> ñ
   stroke     |    /    | h/ -> ħ
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ Doubling the postfix separates the letter and postfix: e.g. a'' -> a'
  "latin-4-alt-postfix" "Latin-4" "4<" t
  "Latin-4 characters input method with postfix modifiers
 This input method differs from `latin-4-postfix' in that
-comma is not special (use ` instead), and period is not
+comma is not special (use \\=` instead), and period is not
 special (use ~ instead).
 
              | postfix | examples
@@ -584,12 +584,12 @@ special (use ~ instead).
   acute      |    '    | a' -> á
   circumflex |    ^    | a^ -> â
   diaeresis  |    \"    | a\" -> ä
-  ogonek     |    `    | a` -> ą
+  ogonek     |    \\=`    | a\\=` -> ą
   macron     |    -    | a- -> ā
   tilde      |    ~    | a~ -> ã
   caron      |    ~    | c~ -> č
   dot        |    ~    | e~ -> ė
-  cedilla    |    `    | k` -> ķ   g` -> ģ
+  cedilla    |    \\=`    | k\\=` -> ķ   g\\=` -> ģ
   stroke     |    /    | d/ -> đ
   nordic     |    /    | a/ -> å   e/ -> æ   o/ -> ø
   others     |    /    | s/ -> ß   n/ -> ŋ   k/ -> ĸ
@@ -773,18 +773,18 @@ Doubling the postfix separates the letter and postfix: e.g. a'' -> a'
  "latin-5-alt-postfix" "Latin-5" "5<" t
  "Latin-5 characters input method with postfix modifiers
 This input method differs from `latin-5-postfix' in that
-comma is not special (use ` instead), and period is not
+comma is not special (use \\=` instead), and period is not
 special (use / instead).
 
              | postfix | examples
  ------------+---------+----------
   acute      |    '    | a' -> á
-  grave      |    `    | a` -> à
+  grave      |    \\=`    | a\\=` -> à
   circumflex |    ^    | a^ -> â
   diaeresis  |    \"    | a\" -> ä
   tilde      |    ~    | a~ -> ã
   breve      |    ~    | g~ -> ğ
-  cedilla    |    `    | c` -> ç
+  cedilla    |    \\=`    | c\\=` -> ç
   dot        |    /    | i/ -> ı   I/ -> İ
   nordic     |    /    | a/ -> å   e/ -> æ   o/ -> ø
   others     |    /    | s/ -> ß
@@ -930,8 +930,8 @@ Doubling the postfix separates the letter and postfix: e.g. a'' -> a'
  "french-alt-postfix" "French" "FR<" t
  "French (Français) input method with postfix modifiers
 
-` pour grave, ' pour aigu, ^ pour circonflexe, et \" pour tréma.
-Par exemple: a` -> à   e' -> é.
+\\=` pour grave, ' pour aigu, ^ pour circonflexe, et \" pour tréma.
+Par exemple: a\\=` -> à   e' -> é.
 
 Ç, «, et » sont produits par C/, <<, et >>.
 
@@ -1011,15 +1011,15 @@ Par exemple: e'' -> e'
  "italian-alt-postfix" "Latin-1" "IT<" t
  "Italian (Italiano) input method with postfix modifiers
 
-a' -> á    A' -> Á    a` -> à    A` -> À    i^ -> î    << -> «
-e' -> é    E' -> É    e` -> è    E` -> È    I^ -> Î    >> -> »
-i' -> í    I' -> Í    i` -> ì    I` -> Ì               o_ -> º
-o' -> ó    O' -> Ó    o` -> ò    O` -> Ò               a_ -> ª
-u' -> ú    U' -> Ú    u` -> ù    U` -> Ù
+a' -> á    A' -> Á    a\\=` -> à    A\\=` -> À    i^ -> î    << -> «
+e' -> é    E' -> É    e\\=` -> è    E\\=` -> È    I^ -> Î    >> -> »
+i' -> í    I' -> Í    i\\=` -> ì    I\\=` -> Ì               o_ -> º
+o' -> ó    O' -> Ó    o\\=` -> ò    O\\=` -> Ò               a_ -> ª
+u' -> ú    U' -> Ú    u\\=` -> ù    U\\=` -> Ù
 
 This method is for purists who like accents the old way.
 
-Doubling the postfix separates the letter and postfix: e.g. a`` -> a`
+Doubling the postfix separates the letter and postfix: e.g. a\\=`\\=` -> a\\=`
 " nil t nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil t)
 
 (quail-define-rules
@@ -1083,21 +1083,21 @@ Doubling the postfix separates the letter and postfix: e.g. a`` -> a`
  "turkish-alt-postfix" "Turkish" "TR«" t
  "Turkish (Türkçe) input method with postfix modifiers.
 This input method differs from `turkish-postfix' in that
-comma is not special (use ` instead).
+comma is not special (use \\=` instead).
 
 turkish-latin-3-alt-postfix is an obsolete alias for turkish-alt-postfix.
 
 Note for I, ı, İ, i.
 
 A^ -> Â
-C` -> Ç
+C\\=` -> Ç
 G^ -> Ğ
 I  -> I
 i  -> ı
 I/ -> İ
 i/ -> i
 O\" -> Ö
-S` -> Ş
+S\\=` -> Ş
 U\" -> Ü
 U^ -> Û
 
@@ -1161,7 +1161,7 @@ Caters for French and Turkish as well as Dutch.
              | postfix |
  ------------+---------+----------
   acute      |    '    | a' -> á
-  grave      |    `    | a` -> à
+  grave      |    \\=`    | a\\=` -> à
   circumflex |    ^    | a^ -> â
   Turkish    | various | i/ -> ı  s, -> ş  g^ -> ğ   I/ -> İ
              |         |  S, -> Ş  G^ -> Ğ
@@ -1180,61 +1180,61 @@ Doubling the postfix separates the letter and postfix: e.g. a'' -> a'
  ("ij" ?ij) ;; LATIN SMALL LIGATURE IJ
  ("IJ" ?IJ) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE IJ
  ;; “Trema on the second letter of vowel pair.”  Yudit uses `:', not `"'.
- ("\"a" ?ä) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS 
- ("\"e" ?ë) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS 
- ("\"i" ?ï) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS 
- ("\"o" ?ö) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS 
- ("\"u" ?ü) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS 
- ("\"A" ?Ä) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS 
- ("\"E" ?Ë) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS 
- ("\"I" ?Ï) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS 
- ("\"O" ?Ö) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS 
- ("\"U" ?Ü) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS 
+ ("\"a" ?ä) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS
+ ("\"e" ?ë) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS
+ ("\"i" ?ï) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS
+ ("\"o" ?ö) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS
+ ("\"u" ?ü) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS
+ ("\"A" ?Ä) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS
+ ("\"E" ?Ë) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS
+ ("\"I" ?Ï) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS
+ ("\"O" ?Ö) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS
+ ("\"U" ?Ü) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS
  ;; “Acute, marking emphasis on long vowels”:
- ("a'" ?á) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE 
- ("e'" ?é) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE 
- ("i'" ?í) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH ACUTE 
- ("o'" ?ó) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH ACUTE 
- ("u'" ?ú) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH ACUTE 
- ("A'" ?Á) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE 
- ("E'" ?É) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH ACUTE 
- ("I'" ?Í) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH ACUTE 
- ("O'" ?Ó) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH ACUTE 
- ("U'" ?Ú) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH ACUTE 
+ ("a'" ?á) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE
+ ("e'" ?é) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE
+ ("i'" ?í) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH ACUTE
+ ("o'" ?ó) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH ACUTE
+ ("u'" ?ú) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH ACUTE
+ ("A'" ?Á) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE
+ ("E'" ?É) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH ACUTE
+ ("I'" ?Í) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH ACUTE
+ ("O'" ?Ó) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH ACUTE
+ ("U'" ?Ú) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH ACUTE
  ;; “Grave, marking emphasis on short vowels”:
  ("a`" ?à) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH GRAVE
- ("e`" ?è) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH GRAVE 
- ("i`" ?ì) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE 
- ("o`" ?ò) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH GRAVE 
- ("u`" ?ù) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH GRAVE 
- ("A`" ?À) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE 
- ("E`" ?È) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH GRAVE 
- ("I`" ?Ì) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE 
- ("O`" ?Ò) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH GRAVE 
+ ("e`" ?è) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH GRAVE
+ ("i`" ?ì) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE
+ ("o`" ?ò) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH GRAVE
+ ("u`" ?ù) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH GRAVE
+ ("A`" ?À) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE
+ ("E`" ?È) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH GRAVE
+ ("I`" ?Ì) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE
+ ("O`" ?Ò) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH GRAVE
  ("U`" ?Ù) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH GRAVE
  ;; “Cater for the use of many French words and use of the circumflex
  ;; in Frisian.”  Yudit used `;' for cedilla.
- ("c," ?ç) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA 
- ("C," ?Ç) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA 
- ("a^" ?â) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX 
- ("e^" ?ê) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX 
- ("i^" ?î) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX 
- ("o^" ?ô) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX 
- ("u^" ?û) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX 
- ("A^" ?Â) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX 
- ("E^" ?Ê) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX 
- ("I^" ?Î) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX 
- ("O^" ?Ô) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX 
+ ("c," ?ç) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA
+ ("C," ?Ç) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA
+ ("a^" ?â) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX
+ ("e^" ?ê) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX
+ ("i^" ?î) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX
+ ("o^" ?ô) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX
+ ("u^" ?û) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX
+ ("A^" ?Â) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX
+ ("E^" ?Ê) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX
+ ("I^" ?Î) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX
+ ("O^" ?Ô) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX
  ("U^" ?Û) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX
  ;; “Follow the example of the Dutch POSIX locale, using ISO-8859-9 to
  ;; cater to the many Turks in Dutch society.”  Perhaps German methods
  ;; should do so too.  Follow turkish-alt-postfix here.
  ("i/" ?ı) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH NO DOT
- ("s," ?ş) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CEDILLA 
- ("g^" ?ğ) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH BREVE 
+ ("s," ?ş) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CEDILLA
+ ("g^" ?ğ) ;; LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH BREVE
  ("I/" ?İ) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOT ABOVE
- ("S," ?Ş) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CEDILLA 
- ("G^" ?Ğ) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH BREVE 
+ ("S," ?Ş) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CEDILLA
+ ("G^" ?Ğ) ;; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH BREVE
  )
 
 ;; Originally from Yudit, discussed with Albertas Agejevas
@@ -1339,17 +1339,17 @@ of characters from a single Latin-N charset.
              | postfix | examples
  ------------+---------+----------
   acute      |    '    | a' -> á
-  grave      |    `    | a` -> à
+  grave      |    \\=`    | a\\=` -> à
   circumflex |    ^    | a^ -> â
   diaeresis  |    \"    | a\" -> ä
   tilde      |    ~    | a~ -> ã
-  cedilla    |    /`   | c/ -> ç   c` -> ç
-  ogonek     |    `    | a` -> ą
+  cedilla    |    /\\=`   | c/ -> ç   c\\=` -> ç
+  ogonek     |    \\=`    | a\\=` -> ą
   breve      |    ~    | a~ -> ă
   caron      |    ~    | c~ -> č
   dbl. acute |    :    | o: -> ő
-  ring       |    `    | u` -> ů
-  dot        |    `    | z` -> ż
+  ring       |    \\=`    | u\\=` -> ů
+  dot        |    \\=`    | z\\=` -> ż
   stroke     |    /    | d/ -> đ
   nordic     |    /    | d/ -> ð   t/ -> þ   a/ -> å   e/ -> æ   o/ -> ø
   others     |   /<>   | s/ -> ß   ?/ -> ¿   !/ -> ¡

lisp/leim/quail/latin-post.el

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
              | postfix | examples
  ------------+---------+----------
   acute      |    '    | a' -> á
-  grave      |    `    | a` -> à
+  grave      |    \\=`    | a\\=` -> à
   circumflex |    ^    | a^ -> â
   diaeresis  |    \"    | a\" -> ä
   tilde      |    ~    | a~ -> ã
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ Doubling the postfix separates the letter and postfix: e.g. a'' -> a'
              | postfix | examples
  ------------+---------+----------
   acute      |    '    | a' -> á
-  grave      |    `    | a` -> à
+  grave      |    \\=`    | a\\=` -> à
   circumflex |    ^    | a^ -> â
   diaeresis  |    \"    | a\" -> ä
   dot        |    .    | c. -> ċ   i. -> ı   I. -> İ
@@ -746,7 +746,7 @@ Doubling the postfix separates the letter and postfix: e.g. a'' -> a'
              | postfix | examples
  ------------+---------+----------
   acute      |    '    | a' -> á
-  grave      |    `    | a` -> à
+  grave      |    \\=`    | a\\=` -> à
   circumflex |    ^    | a^ -> â
   diaeresis  |    \"    | a\" -> ä
   tilde      |    ~    | a~ -> ã
@@ -1005,8 +1005,8 @@ OEE -> OE
  "french-postfix" "French" "FR<" t
  "French (Français) input method with postfix modifiers
 
-` pour grave, ' pour aigu, ^ pour circonflexe, et \" pour tréma.
-Par exemple: a` -> à   e' -> é.
+\\=` pour grave, ' pour aigu, ^ pour circonflexe, et \" pour tréma.
+Par exemple: a\\=` -> à   e' -> é.
 
 Ç, «, et » sont produits par C,, <<, et >>.
 
@@ -1117,7 +1117,7 @@ szz -> sz
  ("aue" ["aue"])
  ("Aue" ["Aue"])
  ("que" ["que"])
- ("Que" ["Que"]) 
+ ("Que" ["Que"])
 )
 
 (quail-define-package
@@ -1186,15 +1186,15 @@ Doubling the postfix separates the letter and postfix: e.g. a'' -> a'
  "italian-postfix" "Latin-1" "IT<" t
  "Italian (Italiano) input method with postfix modifiers
 
-a` -> à    A` -> À    e' -> é    << -> «
-e` -> è    E` -> È    E' -> É    >> -> »
-i` -> ì    I` -> Ì               o_ -> º
-o` -> ò    O` -> Ò               a_ -> ª
-u` -> ù    U` -> Ù
+a\\=` -> à    A\\=` -> À    e' -> é    << -> «
+e\\=` -> è    E\\=` -> È    E' -> É    >> -> »
+i\\=` -> ì    I\\=` -> Ì               o_ -> º
+o\\=` -> ò    O\\=` -> Ò               a_ -> ª
+u\\=` -> ù    U\\=` -> Ù
 
 Typewriter-style italian characters.
 
-Doubling the postfix separates the letter and postfix: e.g. a`` -> a`
+Doubling the postfix separates the letter and postfix: e.g. a\\=`\\=` -> a\\=`
 " nil t nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil t)
 
 (quail-define-rules
@@ -2090,7 +2090,7 @@ of characters from a single Latin-N charset.
              | postfix | examples
  ------------+---------+----------
   acute      |    '    | a' -> á
-  grave      |    `    | a` -> à
+  grave      |    \\=`    | a\\=` -> à
   circumflex |    ^    | a^ -> â
   diaeresis  |    \"    | a\" -> ä
   tilde      |    ~    | a~ -> ã

lisp/leim/quail/latin-pre.el

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
     effect   | prefix | examples
  ------------+--------+----------
     acute    |   '    | 'a -> á, '' -> ´
-    grave    |   `    | `a -> à
+    grave    |   \\=`    | \\=`a -> à
   circumflex |   ^    | ^a -> â
   diaeresis  |   \"    | \"a -> ä  \"\" -> ¨
     tilde    |   ~    | ~a -> ã
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@
     effect   | prefix | examples
  ------------+--------+----------
     acute    |   '    | 'a -> á   '' -> ´
-    grave    |   `    | `a -> à
+    grave    |   \\=`    | \\=`a -> à
   diaeresis  |   \"    | \"i -> ï   \"\" -> ¨
     tilde    |   ~    | ~n -> ñ
    cedilla   |   ~    | ~c -> ç
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ Key translation rules are:
     effect   | prefix | examples
  ------------+--------+----------
     acute    |   '    | 'e -> é
-    grave    |   `    | `a -> à
+    grave    |   \\=`    | \\=`a -> à
   circumflex |   ^    | ^a -> â
   diaeresis  |   \"    | \"i -> ï
    cedilla   | ~ or , | ~c -> ç   ,c -> ç
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ Key translation rules are:
     effect   | prefix | examples
  ------------+--------+----------
     acute    |   '    | 'a -> á   '' -> ´
-    grave    |   `    | `a -> à
+    grave    |   \\=`    | \\=`a -> à
   circumflex |   ^    | ^a -> â
   diaeresis  |   \"    | \"u -> ü
     tilde    |   ~    | ~a -> ã
@@ -489,9 +489,9 @@ Key translation rules are:
   diaeresis  |   \"    | \"a -> ä   \"\" -> ¨
     breve    |   ~    | ~a -> ă
     caron    |   ~    | ~c -> č
-   cedilla   |   `    | `c -> ç   `e -> ?ę
-    misc     | ' ` ~  | 'd -> đ   `l -> ł   `z -> ż   ~o -> ő   ~u -> ű
-   symbol    |   ~    | `. -> ˙   ~~ -> ˘   ~. -> ?¸
+   cedilla   |   \\=`    | \\=`c -> ç   \\=`e -> ?ę
+    misc     | ' \\=` ~  | 'd -> đ   \\=`l -> ł   \\=`z -> ż   ~o -> ő   ~u -> ű
+   symbol    |   ~    | \\=`. -> ˙   ~~ -> ˘   ~. -> ?¸
 " nil t nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil t)
 
 (quail-define-rules
@@ -596,13 +596,13 @@ Key translation rules are:
     effect   | prefix | examples
  ------------+--------+----------
     acute    |   '    | 'a -> á   '' -> ?´
-    grave    |   `    | `a -> à
+    grave    |   \\=`    | \\=`a -> à
   circumflex |   ^    | ^a -> â
   diaeresis  |   \"    | \"a -> ä   \"\" -> ¨
    cedilla   |   ~    | ~c -> ç   ~s -> ş   ~~ -> ¸
   dot above  |   / .  | /g -> ġ   .o -> ġ