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Most of this change is to boilerplate commentary such as license URLs.
This change was prompted by ftp://ftp.gnu.org's going-away party,
planned for November.  Change these FTP URLs to https://ftp.gnu.org
instead.  Make similar changes for URLs to other organizations moving
away from FTP.  Also, change HTTP to HTTPS for URLs to gnu.org and
fsf.org when this works, as this will further help defend against
man-in-the-middle attacks (for this part I omitted the MS-DOS and
MS-Windows sources and the test tarballs to keep the workload down).
HTTPS is not fully working to lists.gnu.org so I left those URLs alone
for now.

This patch just changes code files; a followup companion patch
(much larger) will affect the commentary.  This part is
separated out to make it easier to review.
* .dir-locals.el (change-log-mode):
* lisp/org/org-info.el (org-info-other-documents)
(org-info-map-html-url):
* lisp/org/ox-html.el (org-html-creator-string):
* lisp/startup.el (fancy-startup-text, fancy-about-text)
(fancy-splash-head):
* test/lisp/ffap-tests.el (ffap-other-window--bug-25352):
* test/lisp/thingatpt-tests.el (thing-at-point-test-data):
Use HTTPS instead of HTTP.

* lisp/color.el (color-name-to-rgb, color-complement): Clarify in
docstrings that RGB triplets should use four digits per component.
(color-rgb-to-hsl): Break line to avoid "Hidden behind deeper element"
warning.

* test/lisp/color-tests.el: New file.

* lisp/url/url-gw.el (url-open-stream): Only use :nowait if
we're doing async connections (bug#26835).

* lisp/url/url-parse.el (url): Add an asynchronous slot.

* lisp/url/url.el (url-asynchronous): New variable.
(url-retrieve-internal): Store the value.
(url-retrieve-synchronously): Bind the variable.

* test/lisp/net/tramp-tests.el (seq): Don't require.
(tramp--test-emacs26-p): New defun.
(tramp-test10-write-region, tramp-test11-copy-file)
(tramp-test12-rename-file, tramp-test15-copy-directory)
(tramp-test21-file-links): Use it.
(tramp-test16-file-expand-wildcards): Use `copy-sequence'.

Add Tramp version integrated in Emacs 25.3.

Also make its behaviour consistent with and-let* in that empty bindings
results in success, not failure.
* lisp/emacs-lisp/subr-x.el: Edit docstring, change else to then.

* lisp/gnus/message.el (message-make-fqdn): Don't try to use a
system-name without any periods as a fully qualified domain name.

* lib/getopt_.h: Remove.  It was renamed to lib/getopt.in.h etc.
on 2011-01-08, but I forgot to remove the old file.

'cl-gensym' was simply moved here, but let us take an opportunity to
shed some historical baggage.
* lisp/subr.el (gensym): Remove special treatment of PREFIX as a
number.  Use "g" as prefix to differentiate from cl-gensym defaults.
* doc/lispref/symbols.texi (Creating Symbols): Update accordingly.
* lisp/emacs-lisp/cl-macs.el (cl--gensym-counter, cl-gensym): Restore.

* src/lcms.c (syms_of_lcms2): Provide "lcms2".

configure.ac: Add boilerplate for configuring and detecting liblcms2.
etc/NEWS: Mention new configure option and color-distance change.
src/Makefile.in: Add references to lcms.c and liblcms.
src/emacs.c: Define lcms2 symbols.
src/lcms.c: New file.
src/lisp.h: Add declaration for lcms2.
src/xfaces.c: Add optional METRIC argument.

Removing extraneous code, thanks to Michael Heerdegen.
* lisp/emacs-lisp/subr-x.el (internal--listify): Remove latter
condition which always evaluates to t.
(internal--build-binding-value-form): Remove dead code.

* lisp/color.el (color-d75-xyz, color-d55-xyz, color-d50-xyz): New
constants.
(color-xyz-to-xyy, color-xyy-to-xyz, color-lab-to-lch):
(color-lch-to-lab): New functions.

* lisp/color.el (color-gradient): Float the step-number.

* lisp/gnus/gnus-art.el (gnus-article-mime-handles):
Protect against malformed MIME messages that cause inf-loop.

This incorporates:
2017-09-13 all: prefer https: URLs
This just changes http: to https: in comments,
in files copied from Gnulib.

* lisp/vc/vc-git.el (vc-git-resolve-when-done):
Call vc-resynch-buffer on the current file (bug#28121).
Move its autoload to before this function.

Bug#28412

* lisp/files.el (basic-save-buffer): Re-arrange function so that
  write-contents-functions are run earlier. If they return non-nil,
  consider the buffer saved without requiring the buffer to be
  visiting a file.
  (save-some-buffers): This function should consider any buffer with a
  buffer-local value for write-contents-functions eligible for
  saving.
* test/lisp/files-tests.el (files-test-no-file-write-contents): New
  test.
* doc/lispref/files.texi (Saving Buffers): Mention in docs.
* etc/NEWS: And in NEWS.

* Makefile.in (${srcdir}/info/dir): Tweak shell command so
that an ordinary make says just "GEN info/dir" rather than
also having a seemingly-unrelated mv line.

* doc/misc/gnus.texi (Saving Articles):
Document behavior with directory name targets (Bug#27986).
Problem reported by Katsumi Yamaoka in:
http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/emacs-devel/2017-09/msg00216.html

* lisp/dom.el (dom-previous-sibling):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/package.el (package--with-work-buffer):
(package--sort-deps-in-alist, package--sort-by-dependence):
(package-install-from-archive, package-install):
(package-menu-execute, package-menu--populate-new-package-list):
* lisp/filenotify.el (file-notify--rm-descriptor):
(file-notify--event-watched-file, file-notify--event-file-name):
(file-notify--event-file1-name, file-notify-rm-watch):
(file-notify-valid-p):
* lisp/gnus/message.el (message-toggle-image-thumbnails):
* lisp/gnus/nnimap.el (nnimap-request-move-article):
* lisp/ibuf-ext.el (ibuffer-repair-saved-filters):
* lisp/mpc.el (mpc-format):
* lisp/net/eww.el (eww-tag-meta, eww-process-text-input):
(eww-save-history):
* lisp/net/shr.el (shr-tag-base, shr-tag-object, shr-make-table-1):
* lisp/progmodes/prog-mode.el (prettify-symbols--post-command-hook):
* lisp/svg.el (svg-remove):
* lisp/textmodes/css-mode.el (css--named-color):
(css--colon-inside-funcall):
* lisp/textmodes/sgml-mode.el (html-current-buffer-classes):
(html-current-buffer-ids): Use if-let* and when-let* instead.

This also includes changes to if-let and when-let.  The single tuple
special case is ambiguous, and binding a symbol to nil is not as
useful as binding it to its value outside the lexical scope of the
binding.  (Bug#28254)
* etc/NEWS: Mention.
* lisp/emacs-lisp/subr-x.el (internal--listify):
(internal--build-binding-value-form): Extend to account for
solitary symbols and (EXPR) items in binding varlist.
(if-let*, when-let*): Nix single tuple case and incumbent
bind-symbol-to-nil behavior.
(and-let*): New macro.
(if-let, when-let): Mark obsolete.  Redefine in terms of if-let*, so
they implicitly gain the new features without breaking existing code.
* test/lisp/emacs-lisp/subr-x-tests.el: Adjust tests for: lack of
single-tuple special case, lack of binding solitary symbols to nil,
and the introduction of uninterned symbols for (EXPR) bindings.  Add
SRFI-2 test suite adapted to Elisp.

* doc/emacs/text.texi (Org Organizer):
* doc/emacs/ack.texi (Acknowledgments): Fix spelling of Org nodes.

The security patches released for Emacs 25.3 were less drastic
than what we had immediately put into master.  Adjust master to
match 25.3 (Bug#28350).
* lisp/textmodes/enriched.el (enriched-translations):
Re-enable FUNCTION and display translations that are safe.
(enriched-handle-display-prop): Bring back.
(enriched-decode-display-prop): Bring back, but disable
the unsafe part.

* lisp/progmodes/cc-engine.el (c-restore-<>-properties): After failing an
attempted match from the start of a token (in particular, "<<"), move to the
next token rather than the nex character before searching for the next "<".

* doc/lispref/symbols.texi (Creating Symbols): Mention gensym right
after make-symbol.
* etc/NEWS: Mention.
* lisp/emacs-lisp/cl-macs.el (cl--gensym-counter): Alias to
gensym-counter.
(cl-gensym): Alias to gensym.
* lisp/emacs-lisp/cl.el: Remove gensym from list of aliases.
* lisp/emacs-lisp/edebug.el (edebug-make-enter-wrapper):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/ert-x.el (ert-with-message-capture):
(ert--expand-should-1, ert--expand-should):
(ert--should-error-handle-error):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/generator.el (cps--gensym):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/gv.el (setf):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/inline.el (inline--do-letlisteval):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/pcase.el (pcase--make-docstring, pcase-dolist):
(pcase--funcall, pcase--u1): Use gensym.
* lisp/subr.el (gensym-counter): New variable.
(gensym): New function, assimilated from cl-lib.

* lisp/emacs-lisp/cl-macs.el (cl--gentemp-counter): New variable.
(cl-gentemp): Use it.  Change prefix to "T".

* test/lisp/net/tramp-tests.el (tramp-test11-copy-file)
(tramp-test12-rename-file, tramp-test15-copy-directory)
(tramp-test21-file-links): Extend tests.
(tramp-test13-make-directory, tramp-test14-delete-directory):
Specifiy error symbol in `should-error'.

* lisp/emacs-lisp/cl-print.el (cl-print-object): New method.

* lisp/emacs-lisp/cl-print.el (cl-print-compiled): Fix docstring.
(cl-prin1, cl-prin1-to-string): Add docstrings.

The printer otherwise includes the 0x prefix.
* lisp/emacs-lisp/cl-print.el: Add 0x to format.

* lisp/international/quail.el (quail-update-leim-list-file):
Sort the quail directory listing, for more stable output.

This printing, while succint, is rather opaque.  At least give an
immediate clue of whether different byte code printouts are for the
same or different byte code objects.
* lisp/emacs-lisp/cl-print.el (cl-print-object): Add object sxhash to
printed token "#<bytecode>".

* doc/lispref/eval.texi (Eval): Update the documented default
value of 'max-lisp-eval-depth'.

* lib-src/etags.c (Ruby_functions): One more place to print
debugging output under --debug.