Problem reported by Alex Gramiak in:
https://lists.gnu.org/r/emacs-devel/2019-04/msg00784.html
* lib-src/make-fingerprint.c (main): Fix recently-introduced
off-by-one bug when accessing args after -r.

* lib-src/make-fingerprint.c (fseeko) [WNDOWSNT]: Define to
fseeko64 for non-MinGW64 MinGW.

* lib-src/ntlib.c (stat): Fix calculation of file size.
(fstat): New function, a subset of src/w32.c:fstat.  This is
needed because make-fingerprint.c now calls 'fstat', and the
MS version will fail to produce reliable results because
nt/inc/sys/stat.h redefines 'struct stat'.

* admin/merge-gnulib (GNULIB_MODULES): Add memmem-simple.
(AVOIDED_MODULES): Add memchr.
* configure.ac (HAVE_PDUMPER): AC_SUBST it, too, for use in makefiles.
* lib/Makefile.in (libgnu_a_OBJECTS): Add fingerprint.o.
* lib/fingerprint.c: New file.
* lib/memmem.c, lib/str-two-way.h, m4/memmem.m4: New files,
copied from Gnulib.
* lib/fingerprint.h: Rename from src/fingerprint.h.
* lib-src/make-fingerprint.c: Include limits.h, sys/stat.h,
fingerprint.h, intprops.h, min-max.h.
(SSIZE_MAX): New macro, if not already defined.
(main): Without -r, Replace the fingerprint in the input file
instead of generating a fingerprint.c.
* lib/Makefile.in (libgnu_a_OBJECTS): Add fingerprint.o.
* lib/gnulib.mk.in, m4/gnulib-comp.m4: Regenerate.
* src/Makefile.in (HAVE_PDUMPER, MAKE_PDUMPER_FINGERPRINT):
New macros.
(temacs$(EXEEXT)): Use them to replace the fingerprint instead
of precalculating it.
(mostlyclean, ctagsfiles1): Do not worry about fingerprint.c.

Instead of building a file temacs.in used only to compute a
fingerprint, compute the fingerprint directly from the .o and
.a files that go into temacs.in.  This speeds up the build by
avoiding the need to link temacs twice, once with a dummy
fingerprint.
* lib-src/make-fingerprint.c (main): No need to generate
a fingerprint file that includes config.h, now that fingerprint.c
depends on all the .o files.
* src/Makefile.in ($(libsrc)/make-fingerprint$(EXEEXT)):
Use the same rule as $(libsrc)/make-docfile$(EXEEXT).
* src/fingerprint-dummy.c: Remove.
* src/Makefile.in (${charsets}, $(libsrc)/make-docfile$(EXEEXT))
($(LIBEGNU_ARCHIVE), $(lwlibdir)/liblw.a, $(oldXMenudir)/libXMenu11.a)
(../config.status, ${ETAGS}, ../lisp/TAGS, $(lwlibdir)/TAGS)
($(lispsource)/loaddefs.el):
Prefer ‘$(MAKE) -C $(dir $@)’ to ‘${MAKE} -C SOMESTRING’ when
either will do, as the former is more regular and lets us
coalesce rules better.
(EMACS_DEPS_PRE, EMACS_DEPS_POST, BUILD_EMACS_PRE)
(BUILD_EMACS_POST, temacs.in$(EXEEXT)): Remove.
(FINGERPRINTED): New macro.
(fingerprint.c): Use it instead of temacs.in$(EXEEXT), to
avoid the need to build temacs.in at all.
(temacs$(EXEEXT)): No need to depend on other .o files now;
fingerprint.o is enough, since it depends on the rest.
Spell out what used to be in BUILD_EMACS_PRE and BUILD_EMACS_POST.
(mostlyclean): No need to remove temacs.in.

C11 doesn’t guarantee the existence of types like uint64_t,
so avoid these types in portable code, as it’s easy to do so.
There’s no need to avoid the types in w32-specific code,
since w32 is guaranteed to have them.
* lib-src/make-fingerprint.c (main):
* src/fingerprint-dummy.c:
* src/fingerprint.h:
* src/pdumper.c (dump_fingerprint, struct dump_header):
Prefer unsigned char to uint8_t in portable code, as either will do.
Put an "#include <config.h>" in fingerprint.c files, so
that the corresponding .o file is rebuilt after ./configure is run.
* lib-src/make-fingerprint.c (main):
Simplify loop.
* src/Makefile.in (fingerprint.c): Update atomically.
* src/pdumper.c: Omit unnecessary check that off_t is the same
size as int32_t or int64_t, as the code does not rely on this
assumption.
(dump_off): Use int_least32_t, not int32_t.
(struct dump_reloc): Use unsigned int, not uint32_t.
(dump_anonymous_allocate_w32, dump_anonymous_allocate_posix)
(dump_anonymous_allocate, dump_map_file_w32, dump_map_file_posix)
(dump_map_file:
Do the sanity checks at compile time, not at run-time, to avoid
usage of uint64_t etc. on non-w32 platforms.

I wonder if the copyright years for lib-src/make-fingerprint.c are correct.

Add a new portable dumper as an alternative to unexec.  Use it by default.

* src/dmpstruct.awk: New file.
* src/doc.c (get_doc_string): use will_dump_p().
* src/editfns.c (styled_format): silence compiler warning
with UNINIT.
* src/emacs-module.c (syms_of_module): staticpro ltv_mark.
* src/emacs.c (gflags): new variable.
(init_cmdargs): unwrap
(string_starts_with_p, find_argument, dump_error_to_string)
(load_pdump): new functions.
(main): detect pdumper and --temacs invocation; actually load
portable dump when detected; set gflags as appropriate; changes to
init functions throughout to avoid passing explicit
'initialized' argument.
* src/eval.c (inhibit_lisp_code): remove unused variable.
(init_eval_once_for_pdumper): new function.
(init_eval_once): call it.
* src/filelock.c: CANNOT_DUMP -> will_dump_p()
* src/fingerprint-dummy.c: new file
* src/fingerprint.h: new file
* src/fns.c: CANNOT_DUMP -> will_dump_p(), etc.
(weak_hash_tables): remove
(hashfn_equal, hashfn_eql): un-staticify
(make_hash_table): set new 'next_weak' hash table field; drop
global weak_hash_tables logic.
(copy_hash_table): drop global weak_hash_tables logic.
(hash_table_rehash): new function.
(hash_lookup, hash_put, hash_remove_from_table, hash_clear):
rehash if needed.
(sweep_weak_table): un-staticify; explain logic; bool-ify.
(sweep_weak_hash_tables): remove function.
* src/font.c (syms_of_font): remember pdumper stuff.
* src/fontset.c (syms_of_fontset): remember pdumper stuff.
* src/frame.c (make_initial_frame): don't reset Vframe_list.
(init_frame_once_for_pdumper, init_frame_once): new functions.
(syms_of_frame): remove redundant staticpro.
* src/fringe.c (init_fringe_once_for_pdumper): new functin.
(init_fringe_once): call it.
* src/ftcrfont.c (syms_of_ftcrfont_for_pdumper): new function.
(syms_of_ftcrfont): call it.
* src/ftfont.c (syms_of_ftfont_for_pdumper): new function.
(syms_of_ftfont): call it.
* src/ftxont.c (syms_of_ftxfont_for_pdumper): new function.
(syms_of_ftxfont): call it.
* src/gmalloc.c: adjust for pdumper througout
(DUMPED): remove weird custom dumped indicator.
* src/gnutls.c (syms_of_gnutls): pdumper note for
gnutls_global_initialized.
* src/image.c (syms_of_image): add pdumper comment,
initializer note.
* src/insdel.c (prepare_to_modify_buffer_1): account
for buffer contents possibly being in dump image.
* src/keyboard.c (syms_of_keyboard_for_pdumper): new function.
(syms_of_keyboard): staticpro more; call pdumper syms function.
* src/lisp.h: add comments throughout
(gflags): declare.
(will_dump_p, will_bootstrap_p, will_dump_with_pdumper_p)
(dumped_with_pdumper_p, will_dump_with_unexec_p)
(dumped_with_unexec_p, definitely_will_not_unexec_p): new
functions.
(POWER_OF_2, ROUNDUP): move macros.
(PSEUDOVECTOR_TYPE, PSEUDOVECTOR_TYPEP): take vectorlike header
pointer instead of vector; constify.
(Lisp_Hash_Table): add comment about need to rehash on access; add
comment for next_weak.
(HASH_KEY, HASH_VALUE, HASH_HASH, HASH_TABLE_SIZE): const-ify.
(hash_table_rehash): declare.
(hash_rehash_needed_p, hash_rehash_if_needed): new functions.
(finalizers, doomed_finalizers): declare extern.
(SUBR_SECTION_ATTRIBUTE): new macro.
(staticvec, staticidx): un-static-ify.
(sweep_weak_hash_tables): remove declaration.
(sweep_weak_table): declare.
(hashfn_eql, hashfn_equal): declare.
(number_finalizers_run): new variable.
(Vdead): externify when ENABLE_CHECKING.
(gc_root_type): new enumeration.
(gc_root_visitor): new struct.
(visit_static_gc_roots): declare.
(vectorlike_nbytes): declare.
(vector_nbytes): define as trivial inline function wrapper for
vectorlike_nbytes.
(init_obarray_once): change signature.
(primary_thread): extern-ify.
(init_buffer): change signature.
(init_frame_once): declare.
* src/lread.c (readevalloop): adjust for new dumped predicates.
(init_obarray_once): new function.
(ndefsubr): new variable.
(defsubr): increment it.
(load_path_check): adjust for pdumper.
(load_path_default): use pdumper functions; adjust for
dump search.
* src/macfont.m (macfont_init_font_change_handler): avoid
shadowing global.
(syms_of_macfont_for_pdumper): new function.
(syms_of_macfont): call it.
* src/menu.c (syms_of_menu): staticpro more stuff.
* src/minibuf.c (Ftry_completion): rehash if needed.
(init_minibuf_once_for_pdumper): new function.
(init_minibuf_once): call it.
* src/nsfont.m (syms_of_nsfns): staticpro more.
* src/nsfont.m (syms_of_nsfont_for_pdumper): new function.
(syms_of_nsfont): call it.
* src/nsterm.m (syms_of_nsfont): remember pdumper stuff.
* src/pdumper.c: new file.
* src/pdumper.h: new file.
* src/process.c (init_process_emacs): use new pdumper functions
instead of CANNOT_DUMP.
* src/profiler.c (syms_of_profiler_for_pdumper): new function.
(syms_of_profiler_for_pdumper): call it.
* src/search.c (syms_of_search_for_pdumper): new function.
(syms_of_search_for_pdumper): call it.
* src/sheap.c (bss_sbrk_did_unexec): remove.
* src/sheap.h (bss_sbrk_did_unexec): remove.
* src/syntax.c (syms_of_syntax): don't redundantly staticpro
re_match_object.
* src/sysdep.c: use will_dump_with_unexec_p() instead of bss
hack thing.
* src/syssignals.h (init_sigsegv): declare.
* src/systime.h (init_timefns): remove bool from signature.
* src/textprop.c (syms_of_textprop): move staticpro.
* src/thread.c (main_thread_p): constify.
* src/thread.h (main_thread_p): constify.
* src/timefns.c (init_timefns): remove bool from signature.
(syms_of_timefns_for_pdumper): new function.
(syms_of_timefns): call it.
* src/w32.c: rearrange code.
* src/w32.h (w32_relocate): declare.
* src/w32fns.c (syms_of_w32fns): add pdumper note.
* src/w32font.c (syms_of_w32font_for_pdumper): new function.
(syms_of_w32font): call it.
* src/w32heap.c (using_dynamic_heap): new variable.
(init_heap): use it.
* src/w32menu.c (syms_of_w32menu): add pdumper note.
* src/w32proc.c
(ctrl_c_handler, mainCRTStartup, _start, open_input_file)
(rva_to_section, close_file_data): move here.
* src/w32uniscribe.c (syms_of_w32uniscribe_for_pdumper):
new function.
(syms_of_w32uniscribe): call it.
* src/window.c (init_window_once_for_pdumper): new function.
(init_window_once): call it; staticpro more stuff.
* src/xfont.c (syms_of_xfont_for_pdumper): new function.
(syms_of_xfont): call it.
* src/xftfont.c (syms_of_xftfont_for_pdumper): new function.
(syms_of_xftfont): call it.
* src/xmenu.c (syms_of_xmenu_for_pdumper): new function.
(syms_of_xmenu): call it.
* src/xselect.c (syms_of_xselect_for_pdumper): new function.
(syms_of_xselect): call it.
* src/xsettings.c (syms_of_xsettings): add more pdumper notes.
* src/term.c (syms_of_xterm): add pdumper note.

* src/dispnew.c (init_faces_initial): new function.
(init_display_interactive): rename from init_display; use
will_dump_p instead of !initialized.  Initialize faces early for
pdumper if needed.
(init_display): new function.
(syms_of_display_for_pdumper): new function.
(syms_of_display): call it.

* src/dbusbind.c (syms_of_dbusbind): Add TODO for bus reset
on pdumper load.

* src/data.c (Fdefalias): Use will_dump_p
instead of Vpurify_flag.
(Fmake_variable_buffer_local): silence compiler warning with -Og
by making valcontents UNINIT.
(arith_driver): silence compiler warning with UNINIT.

* src/conf_post.h (ATTRIBUTE_SECTION): new macro.

* src/composite.c (composition_gstring_put_cache): rehash hash
table if needed.

* src/coding.c (init_coding_once, syms_of_coding): remember
pdumper stuff.

* src/charset.h (charset_table_size, charset_table_user): declare.

* src/charset.c (charset_table_used, charset_table_size): un-static.
(init_charset_oncem, syms_of_charset): remember pdumper stuff.

* src/category.c (category_table_version): remove obsolete
variable.

* src/callint.c (syms_of_callint): staticpro 'preserved_fns'
(init_callproc): use will_dump_p instead of !CANNOT_DUMP.

* src/bytecode.c (exec_byte_code): rehash table tables if needed

* src/buffer.c (alloc_buffer_text, free_buffer_text): account for
pdumper
(init_buffer_once): add TODO; remember stuff for pdumper.
(init_buffer): don't take initialized argument; adjust
for pdumper.

* src/atimer.c (init_atimer): initialize subr only if
!initialized.

* src/alloc.c: (vector_marked_p, set_vector_marked)
(vectorlike_marked_p, set_vectorlike_marked, cons_marked_p)
(set_cons_marked, string_marked_p, set_string_marked)
(symbol_marked_p, set_symbol_marked, interval_marked_p)
(set_interval_marked): new accessor routines.  Use them
instead of raw GC access throughout.
(Vdead): make non-static when ENABLE_CHECKING.
(vectorlike_nbytes): rename of 'vector_nbytes'; take a vectorlike
header as input instead of a vector.
(number_finalizers_run): new internal C variable.
(mark_maybe_object): check for pdumper objects.
(valid_pointer_p): don't be gratuitously inefficient under rr(1).
(make_pure_c_string): add support for size_byte = -2 mode
indicating that string data points into Emacs image rodata.
(visit_vectorlike_root): visits GC roots embedded in
vectorlike objects.
(visit_buffer_root): visits GC roots embedded in
our totally-not-a-buffer buffer global objects.
(visit_static_gc_roots): visit GC roots in the Emacs data section.
(mark_object_root_visitor): root callback used for conventional GC
marking
(weak_hash_tables): new internal variable for tracking found weak
hash tables during GC.
(mark_and_sweep_weak_table_contents): new weak hash table marking.
(garbage_collect_1): use new GC root visitor machinery.
(mark_vectorlike): accept a vectorlike_header instead of a
Lisp_Vector.
(mark_frame, mark_window, mark_hash_table): new functions.
(mark_object): initialize 'm'; check for pdumper objects and use
new mark-bit accessors throughout.  Remove some object-specific
marking code and move to helper functions above.
(survives_gc_p): check for pdumper objects.
(gc-sweep): clear pdumper mark bits.
(init_alloc_once_for_pdumper): new helper function for early init
called both during normal init and pdumper load.
(init_alloc_once): pdumper integration.

* src/Makefile.in: Rewrite dumping for pdumper; add pdumper.o;
invoke temacs with --temacs command line option; build dmpstruct.h
from dmpstruct.awk; stop relying on CANNOT_DUMP; clean up pdumper
intermediate files during build.

* nextstep/Makefile.in: build emacs.pdmp into NS packages

* lisp/startup.el: account for new '--temacs' and '--dump-file'
command line option.

* lisp/loadup.el: rewrite early init to account for pdumper; use
injected 'dump-mode' variable (set via the new '--temacs' option)
instead of parsing command line.

* lisp/cus-start.el: Check 'dump-mode' instead of 'purify-flag',
since the new 'dump-mode'

* lib-src/make-fingerprint.c: new program

* lib-src/Makefile.in: built make-fingerprint utility program

* configure.ac: Add --with-pdumper toggle to control pdumper
support; add --with-unexec toggle to control unexec support.
Add --with-dumping option to control which dumping strategy we use
by default.  Adjust for pdumper throughout.  Check for
posix_madvise.

* Makefile.in: Add @DUMPING@ substitution; add pdumper mode.

* .gitignore: Add make-fingerprint, temacs.in, fingerprint.c,
dmpstruct.h, and pdumper dump files.