Fix trig simplification crash (bug#33052)

* lisp/calc/calc-alg.el (calcFunc-sec, calcFunc-csc, calcFunc-cot):
Check that `math-known-sin' and `math-known-tan' succeeded before
using their value in arithmetic.
* test/lisp/calc/calc-tests.el (calc-test-trig): Add regression tests.
1 job for master in 52 minutes and 18 seconds (queued for 4 seconds)
Status Job ID Name Coverage
  Test
passed #2488
test-all

00:52:18