CC Mode: Allow most functions on post-self-insert-hook to be called

This contrasts with the previous state where no such functions got called.
This fixes bug #38406.

* lisp/progmodes/cc-cmds.el (c--unsafe-post-self-insert-hook-functions): New
variable.
(c--call-post-self-insert-hook-more-safely-1): New function.
(c--call-post-self-insert-hook-more-safely): New macro.
(c-electric-pound, c-electric-brace, c-electric-slash, c-electric-star)
(c-electric-semi&comma, c-electric-colon, c-electric-lt-gt, c-electric-paren):
Invoke c--call-post-self-insert-hook-more-safely (which calls most of the hook
post-self-insert-hook) at the end of each of the commands.
1 job for master in 55 minutes and 27 seconds (queued for 4 seconds)
Status Job ID Name Coverage
  Test
failed #4453
test-all

00:55:27

 
Name Stage Failure
failed
test-all Test
Makefile:319: recipe for target 'check-doit' failed
make[2]: Leaving directory '/builds/emacs/emacs/test'
make[2]: *** [check-doit] Error 1
Makefile:294: recipe for target 'check-expensive' failed
make[1]: Leaving directory '/builds/emacs/emacs/test'
make[1]: *** [check-expensive] Error 2
Makefile:959: recipe for target 'check-expensive' failed
make: *** [check-expensive] Error 2
ERROR: Job failed: exit code 1